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    <title>블록체인연구소</title>
    <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/</link>
    <description>4차산업, 블록체인 관련 새로운 정보들을 올려봅니다.</description>
    <language>ko</language>
    <pubDate>Mon, 8 Jun 2026 15:21:49 +0900</pubDate>
    <generator>TISTORY</generator>
    <ttl>100</ttl>
    <managingEditor>anony mous</managingEditor>
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      <title>블록체인연구소</title>
      <url>https://tistory1.daumcdn.net/tistory/3750311/attach/9811fca9916d42c9b80fb17ea5c77c42</url>
      <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com</link>
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      <title>(DeFi) 자동화 마켓 메이커(AMM) 알고리즘의 세대별 진화와 자본 효율성 및 리스크 관리 구조</title>
      <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/161</link>
      <description>&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;0&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;1&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;I. 서론&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;2&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;탈중앙화 금융(DeFi)의 핵심 인프라인 탈중앙화 거래소(DEX)는 중앙집중식 거래소의 오더북 방식 대신 자동화 마켓 메이커(Automated Market Maker, AMM) 매커니즘을 통해 유동성을 확보해 왔다. AMM은 스마트 계약을 통해 자산 간의 교환 비율을 산출하며, 유동성 공급자(LP)가 예치한 자산을 기반으로 거래가 이루어진다. 그러나 초기 모델은 자본 효율성의 저하와 비영구적 손실이라는 경제적 리스크를 내포하고 있었다. 본 연구는 AMM이 1세대 불변곱 모델에서 2세대 집중 유동성 모델을 거쳐, 3세대 이산적 동적 유동성 모델로 진화하며 자본 효율성과 리스크 관리 측면에서 어떠한 논리적 발전을 이루었는지 분석하고자 한다.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;2&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;3&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;II. 1세대 AMM: 불변곱 함수 기반의 유동성 자동화&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;4&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;1세대 AMM의 대표적 모델은 유니스왑 V2(Uniswap V2)에서 채택한 불변곱 시장 메이커(Constant Product Market Maker, CPMM)이다. 이 모델은 두 자산의 수량 x와 y의 곱이 항상 일정해야 한다는 &lt;span data-index-in-node=&quot;130&quot; data-math=&quot;x \times y = k&quot;&gt;$x \times y = k$&lt;/span&gt; 공식을 기반으로 한다.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;list-style-type: decimal;&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;5&quot; data-ke-list-type=&quot;decimal&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;구조적 특징&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li data-path-to-node=&quot;5,0,0&quot;&gt;1세대 모델은 유동성을 0에서 무한대(&lt;span data-index-in-node=&quot;28&quot; data-math=&quot;\infty&quot;&gt;$\infty$&lt;/span&gt;)까지의 전 가격 범위에 균등하게 분산시킨다. 이는 가격 변동에 관계없이 항상 유동성을 제공할 수 있다는 장점이 있으나, 실제 거래가 집중되는 현재 가격 부근에 배치된 자본은 극히 일부에 불과하다는 한계를 갖는다.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;경제적 한계 및 리스크&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li data-path-to-node=&quot;5,1,0&quot;&gt;자본 효율성 측면에서 대부분의 유동성이 거래가 일어나지 않는 가격대에 방치되어 기회비용이 발생한다. 또한, 자산 가격 변동 시 발생하는 비영구적 손실(Impermanent Loss)은 LP의 수익성을 악화시키는 주요 요인이다. 법적 관점에서는 이러한 알고리즘의 비가역적 특성이 투자자 보호 및 리스크 고지 의무와 관련하여 논의의 대상이 된다.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;6&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;III. 2세대 CLMM: 집중 유동성을 통한 자본 효율성 최적화&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;7&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;2세대는 유니스왑 V3(Uniswap V3)가 도입한 집중 유동성 마켓 메이커(Concentrated Liquidity Market Maker, CLMM)로 대표된다. 이는 LP가 특정 가격 범위를 설정하여 그 구간 내에만 유동성을 공급하는 방식이다.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;list-style-type: decimal;&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;8&quot; data-ke-list-type=&quot;decimal&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;자본 효율성의 극대화&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li data-path-to-node=&quot;8,0,0&quot;&gt;LP는 자신의 자본을 시장 가격에 근접한 좁은 구간에 집중시킴으로써, 동일한 자산으로 1세대 대비 수십 배에서 수백 배 높은 수수료 수익을 창출할 수 있게 되었다. 이는 자본의 한계 생산성을 극대화한 경제적 진보로 평가받는다.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;관리 부하 및 리스크의 전이&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li data-path-to-node=&quot;8,1,0&quot;&gt;가격이 설정 범위를 벗어날 경우(Out of Range), 해당 유동성은 거래에 기여하지 못하며 수수료 수익이 전무해진다. 따라서 LP는 시장 가격 변동에 따라 지속적으로 범위를 재조정(Rebalancing)해야 하는 액티브 매니지먼트의 부담을 안게 된다. 또한 가격 이탈 시 자산 구성이 전량 가치가 낮은 자산으로 전환되는 리스크가 발생하며, 이는 전문적 금융 지식이 부족한 개인 LP에게 높은 진입 장벽으로 작용한다.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;9&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;IV. 3세대 DLMM: 이산적 빈 구조와 동적 수수료 시스템&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;10&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;메테오라(Meteora) 등에서 구현된 3세대 동적 유동성 마켓 메이커(Dynamic Liquidity Market Maker, DLMM)는 CLMM의 한계를 보완하기 위해 이산적 가격 빈(Bin) 구조와 가변적 수수료 매커니즘을 도입하였다.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;list-style-type: decimal;&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;11&quot; data-ke-list-type=&quot;decimal&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;이산적 유동성 빈(Bin) 구조&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li data-path-to-node=&quot;11,0,0&quot;&gt;DLMM은 가격 범위를 미세한 단위인 빈(Bin)으로 분할한다. 각 빈 내부에서는 가격 슬리피지가 발생하지 않는 정액 함수(Constant Sum)를 적용하여 거래 효율을 높인다. LP는 Spot, Curve, Bid-Ask 등 다양한 유동성 형상(Shape)을 선택하여 시장 상황에 맞는 정교한 전략을 수립할 수 있다.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;동적 수수료를 통한 리스크 헤지&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li data-path-to-node=&quot;11,1,0&quot;&gt;시장 변동성이 확대될 때 수수료를 자동으로 인상하는 가변 수수료 시스템을 적용한다. 이는 급격한 가격 변동 시 LP가 입게 되는 비영구적 손실을 수수료 수익으로 상쇄하도록 설계된 경제적 방어 기제이다. 법학적 관점에서는 이러한 자동화된 가격 조정 기제가 시장 조작 방지 및 공정 가격 형성에 기여하는 바가 크다고 분석된다.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;12&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;V. 결론&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;13&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;AMM의 진화 과정은 자본의 활용도를 높이고 리스크를 정교하게 분산하는 방향으로 전개되어 왔다. 1세대의 수동적 안정성에서 2세대의 능동적 효율성을 거쳐, 3세대의 알고리즘적 리스크 관리 단계에 진입했다. 특히 3세대 DLMM은 변동성을 수익화하는 매커니즘을 통해 DeFi 생태계의 지속 가능성을 제고하고 있다. 향후 이러한 기술적 진보는 법적 예측 가능성을 확보한 스마트 계약 설계와 결합하여 제도권 금융과의 접점을 넓혀갈 것으로 전망된다.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;13&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;14&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;용어 정리&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;list-style-type: decimal;&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;15&quot; data-ke-list-type=&quot;decimal&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;AMM (Automated Market Maker): 수학적 공식을 사용하여 자산의 가격을 결정하고 유동성을 공급하는 알고리즘 기반 시스템.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;비영구적 손실 (Impermanent Loss): 유동성 풀에 자산을 예치했을 때의 가치가 단순히 자산을 보유했을 때보다 적어지는 손실 현상. 가격이 복구되면 사라지기에 비영구적이라 칭한다.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;슬리피지 (Slippage): 거래를 실행하기로 한 가격과 실제 체결된 가격 사이의 차이.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;빈 (Bin): DLMM에서 가격 범위를 잘게 나눈 최소 단위로, 특정 가격대에서의 독립적인 유동성 저장소 역할을 함.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;리밸런싱 (Rebalancing): 시장 가격 변화에 대응하여 유동성 공급 범위를 조정하거나 자산 비중을 맞추는 행위.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p data-path-to-node=&quot;16&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;인용 및 참고 문헌&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;list-style-type: decimal;&quot; data-path-to-node=&quot;17&quot; data-ke-list-type=&quot;decimal&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adams, H., Zinsmeister, N., &amp;amp; Robinson, D. (2020). Uniswap v2 Core. Uniswap Labs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Adams, H. et al. (2021). Uniswap v3 Core. Uniswap Labs.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Meteora. (2024). DLMM Documentation: High Capital Efficiency and Dynamic Fees. Meteora Protocol.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Heimbach, C., Schertenleib, E., &amp;amp; Wattenhofer, R. (2024). A mathematical framework for modelling CLMM dynamics in continuous time. arXiv preprint.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Trader Joe. (2023). Liquidity Book Whitepaper: A New Generation of AMM.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;</description>
      <category>읽을거리</category>
      <author>anony mous</author>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://mega-studio.tistory.com/161</guid>
      <comments>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/161#entry161comment</comments>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 14:50:31 +0900</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[ CBDC ] 은행이 중앙은행 주도의 프로젝트를 단순히 따라가는 것을 넘어, 자체적인 인프라를 구축해야 하는 이유?</title>
      <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/158</link>
      <description>&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;JP모건의 사례(Onyx, 최근 Kinexys로 리브랜딩)는 은행이 중앙은행 주도의 프로젝트를 단순히 따라가는 것을 넘어, 자체적인 인프라를 구축했을 때 얻을 수 있는 강력한 경쟁력을 잘 보여줍니다.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;현재 한국은행이 추진하는 CBDC 예금토큰(수탁 예금 기반 토큰)은 '공공 인프라'로서의 성격이 강해 안정성과 표준화에 초점이 맞춰져 있습니다. 반면 은행들이 이와 별개로(혹은 병행하여) 자체 인프라를 구축해야 하는 전략적 이유는 다음과 같이 정리할 수 있습니다.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. 기업 고객을 위한 맞춤형 '프로그래밍 결제' 서비스 제공&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;한국은행의 CBDC망은 모든 은행이 공통으로 사용하는 표준 플랫폼이므로, 개별 은행이 독자적인 기능을 구현하는 데 제약이 따를 수밖에 없습니다.&lt;br&gt;JP모건이 성공한 핵심 요인은 프로그래밍 가능한 결제(Programmable Payments) 기능입니다. 예를 들어 지멘스(Siemens)와 같은 글로벌 기업은 JP모건의 인프라를 통해 &quot;A 조건이 충족되면 즉시 자금을 이체하라&quot;는 식의 자동화된 자금 관리 시스템을 구축했습니다.&lt;br&gt;국내 은행이 자체 인프라를 가지면 기업 고객의 복잡한 정산, 급여 지급, 공급망 금융(Supply Chain Finance) 니즈에 맞춰 경쟁 은행과는 차별화된 프로그래밍 금융 상품을 개발해 수익화할 수 있습니다.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;2. 글로벌 확장성과 다통화 지원 능력 확보&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;현재 국내에서 논의되는 CBDC 기반 예금토큰은 원화(KRW) 중심의 국내 결제망 혁신에 집중되어 있습니다. 하지만 삼성전자나 현대차 같은 국내 대기업들의 핵심 니즈는 **국경 간 송금(Cross-border Payment)**과 다통화 관리에 있습니다.&lt;br&gt;JP모건의 JPM Coin은 미국 달러뿐만 아니라 유로화 등 다양한 통화를 하나의 플랫폼에서 24시간 즉시 정산할 수 있게 지원합니다. 국내 은행이 자체 인프라를 구축해 글로벌 블록체인망과 연결한다면, 해외 지사를 둔 기업 고객들에게 기존 SWIFT망보다 훨씬 빠르고 저렴한 외환 송금 서비스를 제공하여 주거래 은행으로서의 지위를 공고히 할 수 있습니다.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;3. 내부 유동성 관리의 효율화 (Intrabank Settlement)&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;JP모건이 자체 토큰을 도입한 초기 목적 중 하나는 은행 내부의 비효율 제거였습니다. 글로벌 은행은 전 세계 지점 간에 막대한 자금을 매일 이동시켜야 하는데, 이 과정에서 발생하는 시간과 비용(유동성 묶임 현상)이 큽니다.&lt;br&gt;국내 대형 은행들도 해외 지점망이 넓어지고 있습니다. 자체 토큰 인프라를 구축하면 서울 본점과 뉴욕, 런던 지점 간의 자금 이동을 실시간으로 처리할 수 있어, 은행 내부의 자금 운용 효율성을 극대화하고 비용을 절감할 수 있습니다. 이는 공공 CBDC망이 해결해 주기 어려운 은행 고유의 영역입니다.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;4. 기술 주도권 및 신규 비즈니스 모델 발굴&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;중앙은행의 플랫폼만 이용할 경우 은행은 단순한 '연결 노드' 역할에 그칠 위험이 있습니다. 플랫폼의 규칙과 수수료 구조를 스스로 결정할 수 없기 때문입니다.&lt;br&gt;자체 인프라를 보유하면 토큰화된 예금을 활용해 토큰 증권(STO) 결제, 웹3(Web3) 기업 전용 계좌 서비스 등 규제 샌드박스 내에서 새로운 비즈니스 모델을 주도적으로 테스트할 수 있습니다. 이는 향후 금융 환경이 완전히 토큰화되었을 때, 타 플랫폼에 종속되지 않고 독자적인 생태계를 꾸릴 수 있는 기술적 기초 체력이 됩니다.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;요약 및 제언&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;결론적으로 국내 은행들은 투 트랙(Two-Track) 전략이 필요합니다.&lt;br&gt; * 공공 영역: 한국은행의 CBDC 프로젝트에는 적극 참여하여 국민들이 쓰는 범용적인 '디지털 현금' 시장에서의 점유율을 지킵니다.&lt;br&gt; * 민간/기업 영역: JP모건처럼 고액 자산가나 기업 고객을 위한 '프리미엄 블록체인 뱅킹' 서비스는 자체 인프라로 구축하여 차별화된 수익원을 만듭니다.&lt;br&gt;JP모건이 보여준 것은 단순한 송금 기술이 아니라, 돈의 움직임에 소프트웨어 기능을 입혀 새로운 시장을 창출했다는 점입니다. 이것이 국내 은행들이 자체 구축을 고민해야 하는 진짜 이유입니다.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <author>anony mous</author>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://mega-studio.tistory.com/158</guid>
      <comments>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/158#entry158comment</comments>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2026 09:01:37 +0900</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[ sto법제화 ] 국내에서  블랙록의 buildl과 같은 채권 토큰을 바탕으로 스테이블코인 사업을 할 수 있을까?</title>
      <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/157</link>
      <description>&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;국내 STO 법제화 가정 하에 BlackRock BUIDL과 유사한 채권 토큰을 활용한 스테이블코인 사업은 원칙적으로 가능하나, 별도의 스테이블코인 인가와 준비자산 규제를 충족해야 합니다.[1][2] BUIDL처럼 미국 국채 기반 토큰화 자산을 준비자산으로 활용할 수 있지만, 국내 규제 준수와 인프라 구축이 핵심입니다.[3]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;## STO 법제화 현황&lt;br&gt;2026년 1월 자본시장법·전자증권법 개정으로 STO 발행·유통이 허용되며, 분산원장 기술을 증권 계좌부로 인정합니다.[1][4] 이는 채권 토큰 발행 근거를 마련하나, 투자계약증권 유통은 증권사 중개로 제한됩니다.[5] BlackRock BUIDL 사례처럼 국채·MMF 토큰화가 가능해지며, 중소기업 자금조달 확대가 기대됩니다.[3][6]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;## 스테이블코인 규제&lt;br&gt;스테이블코인(원화 기반)은 2026년 1분기 법제화 예정으로, 인가제 운영 시 발행액 100% 이상 안전자산(채권 토큰 포함 가능) 보유 의무화됩니다.[2][7] 은행 중심 컨소시엄 우선 허용되며, 자본금 5~10억 원 이상 요건 충족 필요합니다.[8][9] 한국은행 통화정책 영향 최소화 위해 엄격한 감독 적용됩니다.[10]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;## 사업 가능성&lt;br&gt;STO 채권 토큰을 스테이블코인 준비자산으로 활용 가능하며, 코스콤 등 PoC에서 STO 결제에 스테이블코인 연계 검증 중입니다.[11][12] BUIDL 모델(국채 토큰으로 $1 가치 유지, 이자 자동 배당)을 벤치마킹해 NH농협 등 은행 사업화 전략과 부합합니다.[13] 그러나 STO와 스테이블코인은 별도 법체계로, 금융위·은행 인가 이중 절차 필요합니다.[14][15]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;## 리스크와 전략&lt;br&gt;준비자산 변동성·디페깅 리스크 관리 위해 다변화(국채 토큰+현금)와 실시간 모니터링 필수입니다.[13] 원화 스테이블코인 발행 시 STO 플랫폼 연계로 결제·투자 통합, 유동성 확대 가능하나, AML/KYC 강화와 한은 개입권 고려해야 합니다.[16][17] 초기 B2B(기관) 중심으로 시작해 조각투자 확대 추천합니다.[18]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;인용:&lt;br&gt;[1] 금융위, '토큰증권 협의체' 출범…STO 제도 설계 본격화&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.etoday.co.kr/news/view/2546053&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.etoday.co.kr/news/view/2546053&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[2] 'K-스테이블코인' 올 1분기 법제화 - 매일경제&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.mk.co.kr/news/stock/11928234&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.mk.co.kr/news/stock/11928234&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[4] 토큰증권 법안 통과… '367조' 시장 쟁탈전 개막&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.etoday.co.kr/news/view/2546016&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.etoday.co.kr/news/view/2546016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[5] 업계, 토큰증권 법안 통과에 ＂367조 시장 개화…금융산업 ...&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.wowtv.co.kr/NewsCenter/News/Read?articleId=AKR20260115140400008&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.wowtv.co.kr/NewsCenter/News/Read?articleId=AKR20260115140400008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[6] 블랙록(BlackRock) BUIDL 토큰화 펀드&lt;a href=&quot; https://brunch.co.kr/@mentats1/967&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://brunch.co.kr/@mentats1/967&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[7] 원화 스테이블코인 3월 법제화 추진…20일 비공개 당정협의 진행&lt;a href=&quot; https://kr.investing.com/news/cryptocurrency-news/article-1784563&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://kr.investing.com/news/cryptocurrency-news/article-1784563&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[8] 與, 스테이블코인 발행 허들 '10억원'으로 상향…한은 개입권도 허용&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.hankyung.com/article/202506170381g&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.hankyung.com/article/202506170381g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[9] 민간도 ‘원화 스테이블코인’ 발행 가능… ‘CBDC’와 공존? 충돌?&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.busan.com/view/busan/view.php?code=2025061214290461198&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.busan.com/view/busan/view.php?code=2025061214290461198&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[10] 원화 스테이블코인 과연 한국에도 도입될까? 법제화 현황은?&lt;a href=&quot; https://kbthink.com/crypto/korean-won-stablecoin.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://kbthink.com/crypto/korean-won-stablecoin.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[11] 코스콤, 스테이블코인 활용 STO 결제 시스템 검증 추진 - 프라임경제&lt;a href=&quot; https://m.newsprime.co.kr/section_view.html?no=696761&amp;amp;menu=index&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://m.newsprime.co.kr/section_view.html?no=696761&amp;amp;menu=index&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[12] 코스콤, 스테이블코인 활용 STO 결제시스템 기술검증… &quot;선제적 준비&quot;&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.chosun.com/economy/money/2025/07/18/635CPTOFO3O7DUWF52YOPXH7IQ/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.chosun.com/economy/money/2025/07/18/635CPTOFO3O7DUWF52YOPXH7IQ/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
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&lt;br&gt;NH농협은행
&lt;br&gt;디지털전략사업부
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&lt;br&gt;목&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;차
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&lt;br&gt; Ⅰ. 국내 STO 최신 동향	&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;1
&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1. 규제 동향 
&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2. 시장 현황
&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 3. 당행 STO 사업 추진 경과 
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&lt;br&gt; Ⅱ. STO 시장성 분석 	&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;4
&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 1. 비즈니스 모델 사례 ...&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;...&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;❍ (시장 변동성 대응) 
&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; - 시장대응 지연, 유동성 고갈, 오라클·스테이블코인 디페깅(ex. 토큰의 1달러 고정가치 유지 불능) 등 예외적 상황 발생 가능성 존재 
&lt;br&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; - 1) 긴급대응 플랜 수립, 다양한 유동성 공급원 확보, 실시간 시장 모니터링 시스템 구축 필요, 2) 토큰 가치 안정성을 위한 준비자산 다변화와 리스크 관리 프로토콜 강화
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&lt;br&gt;Ⅲ
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;/// 위 내용을 바탕으로 시사점 및 기대효과를 각각 4줄씩 작성해줘&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.perplexity.ai/search/e7d9c31a-4850-4539-ab46-d8c3150b1692&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.perplexity.ai/search/e7d9c31a-4850-4539-ab46-d8c3150b1692&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[14] '스테이블코인·토큰증권' 新금융인프라 원년…'결제·송금 - 이투데이&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.etoday.co.kr/news/view/2539201&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.etoday.co.kr/news/view/2539201&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[15] 가치안정형 디지털자산 법률안 통과 이후 채권 토큰 발행 가능성 여부 조사&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.perplexity.ai/search/3eeef6b2-50d5-40e9-833f-c3a9333edf22&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.perplexity.ai/search/3eeef6b2-50d5-40e9-833f-c3a9333edf22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[16] &quot;STO·스테이블코인 결합되면 파급력 극대화&quot; : 네이트 뉴스&lt;a href=&quot; https://news.nate.com/view/20260113n14998&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://news.nate.com/view/20260113n14998&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[17] &quot;스테이블코인, 가상자산과 별도로 발행·유통 규제 마련해야&quot;&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250513043600002&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20250513043600002&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[18] [이슈체크] 조각투자 제도권 편입 첫 관문…STO 예비인가에 ...&lt;a href=&quot; https://tfmedia.co.kr/mobile/article.html?no=200275&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://tfmedia.co.kr/mobile/article.html?no=200275&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[19] STO 법제화 및 장외거래소 인가 연내 불발과 2026년 전망&lt;a href=&quot; https://contents.premium.naver.com/pasome/powerplant/contents/251231110824075nt&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://contents.premium.naver.com/pasome/powerplant/contents/251231110824075nt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[20] 정부가 밀어주는 가상자산?…'스테이블코인' 두고 찬반론 시끌&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.mk.co.kr/news/economy/11340008&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.mk.co.kr/news/economy/11340008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[21] 실물자산토큰(RWA)의 부상과 전망&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.hanaif.re.kr/dev/hanaifFileDownload.jsp?seq=102591&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.hanaif.re.kr/dev/hanaifFileDownload.jsp?seq=102591&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[22] 전통금융권과 손잡는 디지털자산 거래소, 2026년 지각 변동 예고&lt;a href=&quot; https://it.donga.com/108242/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://it.donga.com/108242/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[23] 국내 증권토큰발행(STO) 현황 및 시사점&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.kcmi.re.kr/publications/pub_detail_view?cno=6058&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.kcmi.re.kr/publications/pub_detail_view?cno=6058&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[24] 디지털자산 법안 8개… STO 제도권 가시화, 원화 스테이블코인은 해넘겨&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.g-enews.com/article/Finance/2025/11/202511271655055961a6e8311f64_1&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.g-enews.com/article/Finance/2025/11/202511271655055961a6e8311f64_1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[25] “STO·스테이블코인 결합되면 파급력 극대화”&lt;a href=&quot; https://biz.heraldcorp.com/article/10654369&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://biz.heraldcorp.com/article/10654369&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[26] 당정, 원화 스테이블코인 막바지 조율…1분기 내 법제화 - 미주 한국일보&lt;a href=&quot; http://www.koreatimes.com/article/1596897&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; http://www.koreatimes.com/article/1596897&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[27] 스테이블코인 제도화 논의 본격화…발행 주체보다 '속도'가 부각&lt;a href=&quot; https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20260110100220&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20260110100220&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[28] 바이낸스, 블랙록 'BUIDL' 토큰화 펀드 담보 자산으로 통합&lt;a href=&quot; https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20251118115031&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://zdnet.co.kr/view/?no=20251118115031&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[29] 與, 스테이블코인 발행기준 '50억→5억' 확 낮춰… 韓銀선 ' ...&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.donga.com/news/Economy/article/all/20250611/131781612/2&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.donga.com/news/Economy/article/all/20250611/131781612/2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[30] 디지털 전환 시대의 국채 토큰화: 글로벌 동향과 국내 금융 ...&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.kcmi.re.kr/report/report_view?report_no=2186&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.kcmi.re.kr/report/report_view?report_no=2186&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[31] '367조 STO 머니무브'…토큰증권법 국회 본회의 통과 - 매일경제&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.mk.co.kr/news/stock/11934087&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.mk.co.kr/news/stock/11934087&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[32] RWA 2025 리포트 요약: $300억 시장의 성장 동력과 한국 ...&lt;a href=&quot; https://www.wepin.io/ko/blog/rwa-2025-report-growth-opportunities-korea&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://www.wepin.io/ko/blog/rwa-2025-report-growth-opportunities-korea&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <author>anony mous</author>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://mega-studio.tistory.com/157</guid>
      <comments>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/157#entry157comment</comments>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2026 09:00:08 +0900</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>MiCA 출시 1년 만에 유로 스테이블코인 시장, 6억 8천만 달러 돌파하며 두 배 상승</title>
      <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/156</link>
      <description>&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;유로 스테이블코인 시장은 EU의 암호화폐 시장 규제(MiCA)가 발효된 이후 1년 만에 급격한 반등을 보이며, 발행자에 대한 새로운 규칙이 적용됨에 따라 규모가 두 배로 증가했습니다.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;핵심 요약:&lt;br&gt;MiCA 출시 이후 유로 스테이블코인 시장은 두 배로 성장하여 시가총액이 약 6억 8천만 달러에 달했습니다.&lt;br&gt;성장은 EURS, EURC, EURCV와 같은 주요 발행국에 집중되어 있으며 거래량은 거의 9배 가까이 급증했습니다.&lt;br&gt;유럽연합 전역에서 대중의 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 이는 채택률이 증가하고 있음을 나타냅니다.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;MiCA 출시 1년 만에 유로 스테이블코인 시장, 6억 8천만 달러 돌파하며 두 배 상승&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;유로 스테이블코인 시장은 EU의 MiCA 규제가 발효된 지 1년 만에 급성장하며 시가총액 6억 8천만 달러를 돌파했습니다.[1] EURS, EURC, EURCV 등 주요 토큰이 성장을 주도하며 거래량도 9배 가까이 폭증했습니다.[1]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;## MiCA 규제 효과&lt;br&gt;MiCA(2024년 6월 시행)는 발행자 의무, 준비금 표준화, 공시 규정을 명확히 해 시장 신뢰를 높였습니다.[1] 덱타 보고서에 따르면 유로 스테이블코인 시총은 48% 감소 국면을 만회하고 전체 스테이블코인 성장률 26%를 앞질렀습니다.[1] 2025년 5월 5억 달러에서 연말 6.8억 달러로 확대됐습니다.[1]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;## 주요 토큰 동향&lt;br&gt;| 토큰&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; | 발행사&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;| 시총 증가율 (2025.10 기준) | 거래량 증가율 |&lt;br&gt;| EURS&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;| Stasis&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; | 644% (2.8억 달러)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; | -&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;|&lt;br&gt;| EURC&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;| Circle&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; | 의미 있는 성장&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; | 1,139%&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; |&lt;br&gt;| EURCV&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; | Societe Generale | 의미 있는 성장&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; | 343%&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; | &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Stasis EURS가 압도적 성장을 보였고, Circle과 Société Générale가 MiCA 준수를 활용해 DeFi·국경 간 결제에서 두각을 나타냈습니다.[1]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;## 거래량 및 채택 확대&lt;br&gt;월간 거래량이 38.3억 달러로 9배 증가하며 EURC와 EURCV가 주도했습니다.[1] EU 전역 검색량 급증(핀란드 400%, 이탈리아 3배 이상)으로 대중 관심이 높아졌습니다.[1] 폴란드 등 미구현 국가에서도 관심 증대 중입니다.[1]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;## 전망과 시사점&lt;br&gt;유로 스테이블코인은 USDT/USDC(3천억 달러) 대비 작지만, MiCA 덕에 안정적 성장을 지속할 전망입니다.[1] 비USD 스테이블코인으로 크로스보더 무역·지역 결제에서 역할 확대가 기대되며, 2026년 은행 컨소시엄 런칭으로 가속화될 것입니다.[2]&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;인용:&lt;br&gt;[1] Euro Stablecoin Market Doubles to $680M A Year After MiCA&lt;a href=&quot; https://finance.yahoo.com/news/euro-stablecoin-market-doubles-680m-101251073.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://finance.yahoo.com/news/euro-stablecoin-market-doubles-680m-101251073.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;[2] Euro Stablecoin Set for 2026 Launch as 9 Banks Unite - 트레이딩뷰&lt;a href=&quot; https://kr.tradingview.com/news/newsbtc:ba9b7a9ba094b:0-euro-stablecoin-set-for-2026-launch-as-9-banks-unite-best-wallet-token-best-emerges-a-presale-winner/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; https://kr.tradingview.com/news/newsbtc:ba9b7a9ba094b:0-euro-stablecoin-set-for-2026-launch-as-9-banks-unite-best-wallet-token-best-emerges-a-presale-winner/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <author>anony mous</author>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://mega-studio.tistory.com/156</guid>
      <comments>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/156#entry156comment</comments>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Jan 2026 08:58:41 +0900</pubDate>
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      <title>Tokenization to Redefine Investing in Real Estate, But Regulators May Curb Market Growth</title>
      <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/155</link>
      <description>&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;By 2030&lt;/b&gt;, the global market for&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;tokenized real estate&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;will reach&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;up to $3 trillion and represent 15%&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;of the real estate assets under management&lt;/b&gt;, ScienceSoft's research team predicts. Although the market is relatively young in 2025, real estate sellers are increasingly investing in tokenization technology, and investor demand is sufficient to justify the launch of token offerings.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; data-ke-mobileStyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;1280&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;689&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bvWad8/btsQVsxWvyN/9V4YGqkVjduskREEx2Kvlk/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bvWad8/btsQVsxWvyN/9V4YGqkVjduskREEx2Kvlk/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bvWad8/btsQVsxWvyN/9V4YGqkVjduskREEx2Kvlk/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://img1.daumcdn.net/thumb/R1280x0/?scode=mtistory2&amp;fname=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kakaocdn.net%2Fdn%2FbvWad8%2FbtsQVsxWvyN%2F9V4YGqkVjduskREEx2Kvlk%2Fimg.png&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; width=&quot;1300&quot; height=&quot;700&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;1280&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;689&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #004484; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size26&quot;&gt;Why Keep an Eye On Real Estate Tokenization&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;For 10 years, asset owners in the US&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://news.gallup.com/poll/645107/stocks-gold-down-americans-best-investment-ratings.aspx&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;have been ranking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;real estate as the best long-term investment. Still, high costs and low liquidity of real estate historically hindered investor demand. Costly settlement of real estate deals posed additional barriers to investing. It&amp;rsquo;s no surprise tokenization technology enabling partial asset sales and low-cost deal closing quickly gained traction among the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.scnsoft.com/investment/real-estate-investment-management-software&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;1&quot;&gt;real estate investment&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;domain players.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Tradeable blockchain tokens can represent any required portion of the property, which enables fractional asset sales and shared ownership. Tokenizing real estate gives sellers an opportunity to boost asset liquidity and attract a broader pool of investors. Tokenization solutions automate real estate financial and title transactions, removing intermediaries and cutting down settlement costs for all deal participants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;As of 2025, the US market for tokenized real estate is proliferating and offers rewarding investment opportunities for real estate sellers, intermediaries, and tokenization technology providers. Some asset management companies have already invested in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.scnsoft.com/blockchain/asset-tokenization&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;custom tokenization solutions&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and are planning to invest more in the next years. Early pilots by Elevated Returns and RealT proved the technical and economic feasibility of real estate tokenization. We expect that regulatory support and dedicated legal frameworks for tokenized estate trading will speed up further market growth.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Looking ahead, the growing use of tokenization in real estate will likely affect the demand for conventional REIT investments and mortgage loans and push investors to reconsider their portfolio structures. At the same time, enhanced asset liquidity will drive the volatility of the entire real estate market, potentially reducing its attractiveness for long-term investing.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-style=&quot;style1&quot;&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Real estate tokenization isn&amp;rsquo;t just a trend. It&amp;rsquo;s a shift in how we think about ownership, access, and value. It&amp;rsquo;s where finance meets technology, and the future belongs to those ready to combine both.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Mary Zayats, Financial IT Principal Consultant at ScienceSoft (check the full video interview&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1uss7fH0pgA&amp;amp;ab_channel=ScienceSoft&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&amp;ldquo;Tokenizing Real Estate: Revolution or Hype?&amp;rdquo;&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #004484; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size26&quot;&gt;Key Drivers and Hindrances of Real Estate Tokenization in 2025: Facts and Opinions&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size23&quot;&gt;Demand for tokenized real estate&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;We found that investor demand justifies the launch of real estate token offering solutions. According to the survey by&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.ey.com/content/dam/ey-unified-site/ey-com/en-us/insights/financial-services/documents/ey-driving-meaningful-opportunity-tokenization-in-asset-management.pdf&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;EY&lt;/a&gt;, as of May 2023, 80% of high net-worth (HNW) investors and 67% of institutional investors were already investing or planning to invest in tokenized assets. By 2026, institutional investors expect to allocate 5.6% and HNW individuals &amp;mdash; 8.6% of their portfolio to tokenized assets. Both HNW investors (49%) and institutional investors (56%) cite real estate as their second most attractive tokenized asset investment option.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; data-ke-mobileStyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;902&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;501&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/UflH2/btsQTw2hIKB/RXXXbwWRUp4HShQQLmFVQK/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/UflH2/btsQTw2hIKB/RXXXbwWRUp4HShQQLmFVQK/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/UflH2/btsQTw2hIKB/RXXXbwWRUp4HShQQLmFVQK/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://img1.daumcdn.net/thumb/R1280x0/?scode=mtistory2&amp;fname=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kakaocdn.net%2Fdn%2FUflH2%2FbtsQTw2hIKB%2FRXXXbwWRUp4HShQQLmFVQK%2Fimg.png&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; width=&quot;902&quot; height=&quot;501&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;902&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;501&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size23&quot;&gt;Regulatory impact on market growth&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.rolandberger.com/en/Insights/Publications/Tokenization-of-real-world-assets-unlocking-a-new-era-of-ownership-trading.html&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;Roland Berger&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;evaluated the market for tokenized real estate at $119 billion in 2023 and predicted that it would reach $3 trillion by 2030 at a CAGR of 60%.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://web-assets.bcg.com/1e/a2/5b5f2b7e42dfad2cb3113a291222/on-chain-asset-tokenization.pdf&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;BCG&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;projects that the market will grow from $120 billion in 2023 to $3.2 trillion in 2030 at a CAGR of 49%.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;At the same time, analysts at&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://assets.kpmg.com/content/dam/kpmg/sg/pdf/2024/02/kpmg-sfa-the-asset-tokenization-c-suite-playbook.pdf&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;KPMG&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;and&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.ey.com/content/dam/ey-unified-site/ey-com/en-us/insights/financial-services/documents/ey-driving-meaningful-opportunity-tokenization-in-asset-management.pdf&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;EY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;stress that the current US legal framework, where real estate tokens are considered securities and generic SEC restrictions are applied to investors, is a huge setback for market growth. Many of ScienceSoft&amp;rsquo;s clients from the investment sector believe that once regulators develop more flexible rules and allow lower-net-worth individuals to invest in tokenized real estate without constraints, we will see a surge in demand for this type of investment.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size23&quot;&gt;Tokenization technology maturity&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Given ScienceSoft&amp;rsquo;s experience with tokenized asset projects, we knew for sure that blockchain tokenization technology is mature enough to develop solutions for a secure and cost-effective real estate token offering. Research by thought leaders mirrored our belief. For example, in its&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;Hype Cycle for Web3 and Blockchain 2024&lt;/span&gt;, Gartner names tokenization an adolescent technology and predicts that it will reach mainstream adoption in 2&amp;ndash;5 years.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Although the market for tokenized real estate is relatively young in 2025, real estate sellers are increasingly investing in tokenization technology to enhance asset accessibility and reduce transactional costs. Deloitte&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/articles/us176319_cfs_fsi-outlook-commercial-real-estate/DI_2024-commercial-real-estate-outlook.pdf&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;found out&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;that, as of June 2024, 12% of real estate firms globally had already implemented, and another 46% were piloting some asset tokenization solutions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; data-ke-mobileStyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;902&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;500&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/VY7ap/btsQVMJGy0m/KNLKK2cq65tfU1eJAhJH91/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/VY7ap/btsQVMJGy0m/KNLKK2cq65tfU1eJAhJH91/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/VY7ap/btsQVMJGy0m/KNLKK2cq65tfU1eJAhJH91/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://img1.daumcdn.net/thumb/R1280x0/?scode=mtistory2&amp;fname=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kakaocdn.net%2Fdn%2FVY7ap%2FbtsQVMJGy0m%2FKNLKK2cq65tfU1eJAhJH91%2Fimg.png&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; width=&quot;902&quot; height=&quot;500&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;902&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;500&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size23&quot;&gt;Tokenization software offering&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Next, we analyzed the market of real estate tokenization software, a critical factor defining how quickly real estate sellers can launch their token offering. Based on our findings, there are some service platforms for fast and cost-effective real estate tokenization, and the market is on the rise. According to&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.digitalassetresearch.com/real-world-assets-rwas-tokenization-report-december-2023-recap/&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;Digital Asset Research&lt;/a&gt;, the number of tokenization platforms worldwide grew by 75% in 2023 alone. 38% of tokenization service companies were registered in the US, and 37% of them were working with real estate assets (e.g., SolidBlock, Tokeny, RealT, Polymath).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Yet, many larger real estate companies opt to build custom token offering software to support their complex ventures. ScienceSoft&amp;rsquo;s clients from the domain name reduced technology costs, tailored compliance, non-restricted tokenomics, and direct control over investor data as the major advantages of custom solutions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; data-ke-mobileStyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;1280&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;630&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/Wbugi/btsQVGW41pG/jRSozKd1xgfoFik206aXok/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/Wbugi/btsQVGW41pG/jRSozKd1xgfoFik206aXok/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/Wbugi/btsQVGW41pG/jRSozKd1xgfoFik206aXok/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://img1.daumcdn.net/thumb/R1280x0/?scode=mtistory2&amp;fname=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kakaocdn.net%2Fdn%2FWbugi%2FbtsQVGW41pG%2FjRSozKd1xgfoFik206aXok%2Fimg.png&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; width=&quot;1300&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;1280&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;630&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size23&quot;&gt;Opportunities for secondary trading&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;One concern ScienceSoft&amp;rsquo;s investment clients commonly voice is the lack of interoperable secondary market platforms for real estate token trading. Indeed, as of 2025, tokens are still mainly traded within the platform of issuance, which limits investor reach and inhibits liquidity benefits. In its&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/financial-services/us-bda-steering-tokenized-assets-pov.pdf&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;2024 Tokenization guide&lt;/a&gt;, Deloitte mentions scarce secondary markets for tokens among the primary barriers to the mainstream use of tokenization.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The good news is that solutions for token interoperability between various blockchains and traditional financial systems are on the way. For example, Swift is&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.swift.com/news-events/press-releases/swift-unlocks-potential-tokenisation-successful-blockchain-experiments&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;collaborating&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;with a Web3 services platform Chainlink and dozens of major financial institutions, including BNY Mellon, BNP Paribas, Citi, and Lloyds Banking Group, to test its solution for cross-network transfer of tokenized assets. Once launched, the solution will enable frictionless secondary trading of real estate tokens on multiple CeFi and DeFi marketplaces.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size23&quot;&gt;Industry players&amp;rsquo; perspective&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;We interviewed business and IT leaders in the US real estate industry to find out if they believe 50%+ of real estate will be tokenized by 2030. The survey participants stress that real estate tokenization has a strong potential for development, but they believe that nowhere near half of real estate will be tokenized by 2030. Respondents note that residential properties, which make up the biggest share of the real estate market and usually assume full title ownership, do not have the same clear tokenization use cases as commercial estate. Thus, the residential sector will prevent tokenization from dominating the market in the mid-term. Some respondents also stressed that tokenizing residential real estate may violate the US mortgage regulations.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #004484; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size26&quot;&gt;How Tokenization Reshapes Real Estate Investments&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size23&quot;&gt;Real estate sellers (developers, owners, managers)&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;By fractionalizing and tokenizing their assets, real estate sellers will benefit from enhanced asset liquidity and the possibility of attracting a broader range of domestic and foreign investors, including individuals with smaller portfolios. As an alternative form of funding, token offering proved to help real estate owners quickly raise considerable capital volumes. For example, a New York-based asset management company Elevated Returns&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://sb-footer.s3.amazonaws.com/The+Aspen+Coin+Case+Study.pdf&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;raised&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;$18 million in investments within two years by tokenizing the equity of the St. Regis Aspen Colorado resort.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;As demand for liquid assets is traditionally higher, tokenization may drive the growth in property value. In Elevated Returns&amp;rsquo; case, the value of its token increased by 30% within 18 months of issuance. The token was listed on the secondary trading platform tZero and continued to trade strongly despite overall market uncertainty surrounding COVID-19. The token price gradually&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://stomarket.com/sto/aspencoin-st-regis-aspd&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;grew&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;by an impressive 3.3x throughout 2022&amp;ndash;2024.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Real estate tokenization comes with complete transparency and traceability of real estate trading transactions. Automating transactional tasks with the help of smart contracts will let real estate sellers optimize employee workload and cut operational costs in the long run.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;While the sell side parties reap the biggest financial gains from real estate tokenization, they also bear the biggest upfront expenses. One needs to invest in property tokenomics and establishing dedicated security token offering solutions. The latter involves developing SEC-compliant smart contracts, building a custom or integrating an off-the-shelf solution for tokenized asset management, and partnering with tokenization and secondary trading platforms. From ScienceSoft&amp;rsquo;s experience, a real estate tokenization project of average complexity may cost around $200,000&amp;ndash;$500,000.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Moreover, real estate sellers should be ready to take compliance risks. As the market evolves, sellers may face new legislation for tokenized real estate, which can compromise their legal posture and require additional expenses for adhering to regulatory requirements.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Author's note:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Most of my clients in real estate investment cite regulatory uncertainty as the primary barrier to adopting tokenization. One way to de-risk tokenized offerings in a shifting legal landscape is to issue real estate tokens on compliance-native platforms like Securitize or SolidBlock. Major platform vendors are well aware of regulatory hurdles and typically offer built-in compliance features aligned with SEC and other relevant frameworks. And since they actively monitor legal developments, they can accommodate regulatory changes quicker and more effectively than most in-house teams.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size23&quot;&gt;Investors&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Individual and institutional investors will benefit from wider opportunities for investing in real estate due to drastically reduced minimum investment. For example, a real estate token marketplace RealT, which tokenized 970+ properties in the US,&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://realt.co/episode-6-3-years-after-launch-what-is-the-actual-performance-of-realt/&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;sells&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;tokens starting from just $50. 88% of platform users invested less than $5,000. Early adopters of RealT, Lofty, and similar say that the marketplaces operate and pay dividends as advertised.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;As&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.scnsoft.com/blockchain/development/services&quot; data-tabindex-value=&quot;none&quot; data-tabindex-counter=&quot;9&quot;&gt;blockchain&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;allows for seamless cross-border transactions with tokenized assets, investors will be able to access a broader range of properties worldwide and diversify their portfolios, bypassing currency and jurisdictional barriers. Automated direct settlement using smart contracts eliminates fees for intermediary services, reducing transactional costs.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;At the same time, increased accessibility of real estate assets may lead to higher volatility and lower predictability of the real estate market, which means enhanced investment risks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size23&quot;&gt;Real estate brokers and agents&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Given that tokenization on blockchain enables real estate trading without intermediaries, its rising adoption may diminish the role of real estate brokerages and agencies and make some of their services obsolete over time. As buyers and sellers become more comfortable with peer-to-peer transactions, intermediaries should expect a decrease in demand and revenue.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;To stay in the game, brokerages and agencies should grow new skills and adapt their business models to the evolving investor preferences. One winning strategy for intermediaries is to offer consulting services related to the creation and management of tokenized real estate. A step further would be to invest in a real estate token offering platform and enter the tokenization service market.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #222222; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size23&quot;&gt;Technology providers&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;background-color: #ffffff; color: #3b3c3d; text-align: left;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Since operations with real estate tokens rely heavily on blockchain and traditional technologies, technology vendors should expect increased demand for specialized solutions in the next 2&amp;ndash;5 years. The growing popularity of tokenized real estate will indirectly benefit custom tokenization software vendors and the providers of tokenization platforms, secondary trade marketplaces, blockchain networks, and cryptocurrency wallets.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <category>자료, 보고서</category>
      <author>anony mous</author>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://mega-studio.tistory.com/155</guid>
      <comments>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/155#entry155comment</comments>
      <pubDate>Tue, 30 Sep 2025 10:42:35 +0900</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[보고서] 미국 주요 은행의 토큰증권 활용 전략 종합 분석</title>
      <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/154</link>
      <description>&lt;div&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;JPMorgan Chase&lt;/b&gt;가 토큰증권 분야에서 가장 적극적이며 상업적 성숙도가 높고, &lt;b&gt;Goldman Sachs&lt;/b&gt;가 기술 플랫폼 개발과 업계 표준 설정에 선도적 역할을 하고 있습니다. &lt;b&gt;Citigroup&lt;/b&gt;은 다양한 파일럿 프로그램을 통해 빠르게 추격하고 있으며, &lt;b&gt;Bank of America&lt;/b&gt;와 &lt;b&gt;Morgan Stanley&lt;/b&gt;는 상대적으로 신중한 접근 방식을 취하고 있습니다.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;1. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;주요 은행별 토큰증권 활용 전략&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPMorgan Chase: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;업계 선도자&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPMorgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;은 &lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Kinexys &lt;/span&gt;플랫폼&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;구&lt;span&gt; Onyx)&lt;/span&gt;을 통해 가장 진보된 토큰증권 생태계를 구축했습니다&lt;span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;주요 성과는 다음과 같습니다&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn4&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPM Coin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;기관 고객 간 결제용 디지털 토큰으로 누적 거래량&lt;span&gt; 1.5&lt;/span&gt;조 달러 초과&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn4&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPMD &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;예금 토큰&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;년&lt;span&gt; 6&lt;/span&gt;월&lt;span&gt; Coinbase Base &lt;/span&gt;블록체인에서&lt;span&gt; PoC &lt;/span&gt;출시&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn2&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;토큰화된 담보 네트워크&lt;span&gt;(TCN)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: BlackRock&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;과 협력하여 머니마켓펀드 주식 토큰화&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;미국 국채 토큰 거래&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;년&lt;span&gt; 5&lt;/span&gt;월&lt;span&gt; Ondo Finance, Chainlink&lt;/span&gt;와 협력하여 최초 퍼블릭 블록체인 정산 완료&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn6&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Goldman Sachs: 기술 플랫폼 혁신&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Goldman Sachs는 **GS DAP(Goldman Sachs Digital Asset Platform)**을 중심으로 업계 표준을 개발하고 있습니다:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn7&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn8&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn9&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Digital Asset&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;의&lt;span&gt; DAML &lt;/span&gt;스마트 계약 언어&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;와 &lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;Canton &lt;/span&gt;프라이버시 블록체인&lt;/b&gt; 기반&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn7&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;BNY Mellon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;과&lt;span&gt; 7.1&lt;/span&gt;조 달러 규모 머니마켓펀드 토큰화&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt; 협력&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn10&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn11&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;EIB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;와&lt;span&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;억 유로 디지털 채권 발행&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: T+5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;에서&lt;span&gt; T+0&lt;/span&gt;으로 정산 시간 단축&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn8&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn7&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;년 말&lt;span&gt; GS DAP &lt;/span&gt;독립 회사로 분사 계획&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;업계 소유 플랫폼으로 전환&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn12&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn9&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Citigroup: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;종합적 디지털 자산 전략&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Citigroup은 **CIDAP(Citi Integrated Digital Assets Platform)**을 통해 다양한 영역에서 토큰화를 추진합니다:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn13&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;토큰화된 예금 서비스&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: 24/7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;글로벌 현금 관리 파일럿&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn13&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;무역 금융 토큰화&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;스마트 계약 기반 즉시 결제&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn13&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;사모펀드 토큰화 시뮬레이션&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: Wellington, WisdomTree와 협력&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn14&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[14]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;자체 스테이블코인 검토&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: CEO Jane Fraser&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;가&lt;span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;년&lt;span&gt; 2&lt;/span&gt;분기 실적 발표에서 확인&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn15&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[15]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[16]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Bank of America: 신중한 연구 접근&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Bank of America는 규제 명확성을 기다리며 연구 중심 접근을 취합니다:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn17&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[17]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn18&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[18]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;RWA &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;토큰화 시장 분석 보고서&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt; 발표&lt;span&gt;: 2025&lt;/span&gt;년까지 다년간 여정 예측&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn18&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[18]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;기관 투자자 대상 암호화폐 서비스 계획&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt; 수립 중&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn19&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[19]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Fnality DLT &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;정산 시스템에&lt;span&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;억&lt;span&gt; 3,500&lt;/span&gt;만 달러 투자&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt; 참여&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn20&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[20]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn21&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[21]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Morgan Stanley: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;자산운용 중심 전략&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Morgan Stanley&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;는&lt;span&gt; E*Trade&lt;/span&gt;를 통한 디지털 자산 서비스에 집중합니다&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn22&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[22]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn23&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[23]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;년 상반기&lt;span&gt; E*Trade &lt;/span&gt;암호화폐 거래 출시&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt; 예정&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn24&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[24]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn22&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[22]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Zerohash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;와 파트너십&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: 10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;억 달러 가치 평가 인프라 제공업체&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn24&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[24]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;1.3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;조 달러 규모 거래량 잠재력&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;부유층 고객 대상&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn23&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[23]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;2. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;미국 금융 규제 환경 대응 전략&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;규제 당국별 은행 대응 현황&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;**&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;연방준비제도&lt;span&gt;(FRB)**&lt;/span&gt;와의 협력에서는&lt;span&gt; JPMorgan&lt;/span&gt;과&lt;span&gt; Morgan Stanley&lt;/span&gt;가 가장 적극적이며&lt;span&gt;, **&lt;/span&gt;증권거래위원회&lt;span&gt;(SEC)**&lt;/span&gt;와는&lt;span&gt; Goldman Sachs&lt;/span&gt;가 가장 활발한 협력을 보입니다&lt;span&gt;. **&lt;/span&gt;통화감독청&lt;span&gt;(OCC)**&lt;/span&gt;과는&lt;span&gt; JPMorgan&lt;/span&gt;이 가장 높은 수준의 교류를 유지합니다&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;주요 규제 대응 사례&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;OCC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;의&lt;span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;년&lt;span&gt; 3&lt;/span&gt;월 해석 지침서&lt;span&gt; 1183&lt;/span&gt;호&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;는 은행의 암호화폐 활동에 대한 명확성을 제공했습니다&lt;span&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn25&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[25]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;스테이블코인 준비금 관리 서비스 허용&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;암호화폐 커스터디 서비스 제공 가능&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;결제 촉진용 스테이블코인 사용 허용&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;노드 검증자 역할 수행 가능&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;FRB, FDIC, OCC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;의&lt;span&gt; 2025&lt;/span&gt;년&lt;span&gt; 4&lt;/span&gt;월 합동 성명 철회&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;로 은행들의 디지털 자산 활동이 더욱 자유로워졌습니다&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn26&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[26]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn25&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[25]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;3. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;토큰증권 거래 및 관리 시스템&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPMorgan Kinexys &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;플랫폼&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;기술 스택&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;프라이빗 퍼미션 블록체인&lt;span&gt; + &lt;/span&gt;퍼블릭 블록체인 통합&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;일일 평균 거래량&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: 20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;억 달러 이상&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn4&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;지원 통화&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: USD, EUR(2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;년&lt;span&gt; 1&lt;/span&gt;분기&lt;span&gt; FX &lt;/span&gt;기능 추가 예정&lt;span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn4&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;글로벌 확산&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;개 대륙&lt;span&gt;, 400&lt;/span&gt;개 이상 금융기관 참여&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Goldman Sachs GS DAP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;핵심 기술&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: DAML &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;스마트 계약&lt;span&gt; + Canton &lt;/span&gt;프라이버시 블록체인&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn7&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;정산 속도&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: 60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;초 미만&lt;span&gt; T+0 &lt;/span&gt;정산&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn7&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;상호 운용성&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: 크로스체인 DvP(Delivery versus Payment) 정산&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn7&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;년 독립 계획&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;업계 공동 소유 플랫폼으로 전환&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn9&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Citi CIDAP 플랫폼&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;멀티체인 아키텍처&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;퍼블릭&lt;span&gt;/&lt;/span&gt;프라이빗 블록체인 동시 지원&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn13&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;스마트 계약 오케스트레이션&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;자동화된 워크플로우&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn13&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;24/7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;운영&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;글로벌 지사 간 실시간 유동성 이전&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn13&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;4. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;구체적인 토큰증권 활용 사례&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;상용화 단계 프로젝트&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPMorgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;의 시 오브 퀸시 뮤니시펀 채권&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;(2024&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;년&lt;span&gt; 4&lt;/span&gt;월&lt;span&gt;): &lt;/span&gt;미국 최초 블록체인 기반 지방채 발행&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn27&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[27]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Goldman Sachs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;의&lt;span&gt; EIB &lt;/span&gt;디지털 채권&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;억 유로 규모&lt;span&gt; 2&lt;/span&gt;년 만기 채권&lt;span&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;룩셈부르크 증권거래소 상장&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn7&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn27&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[27]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;BNY Mellon-Goldman Sachs MMF 토큰화&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: BlackRock, Fidelity 등 주요 자산운용사 참여&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn10&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn11&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;파일럿 및 개발 단계&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Citi의 사모펀드 토큰화&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: Wellington Management, WisdomTree와 협력&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn14&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[14]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPMorgan TCN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: BlackRock &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;머니마켓펀드 토큰화&lt;span&gt;, Deutsche Bank &lt;/span&gt;파생상품 담보 활용&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn5&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;5. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;투자자 대상 발표 및 공시 자료 분석&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPMorgan 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;년 투자자의 날&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPMorgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;은 블록체인 기술과 토큰화를 주류 금융 서비스로 확산시키겠다는 전략을 발표했습니다&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn28&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[28]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Goldman Sachs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;의 디지털 자산 채택 가속화 보고서&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;디지털 자산 채택이 가속화되는 이유&lt;span&gt;&quot; &lt;/span&gt;보고서에서&lt;span&gt; GS DAP &lt;/span&gt;플랫폼의 핵심 역할을 강조했습니다&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn29&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[29]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Citi 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;년 주주총회 안건&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;디지털 자산 분야 투자 확대와 규제 대응 프로그램 강화 계획을 공시했습니다&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn30&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[30]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;6. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;제&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;자 평가 및 시장 전망&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;BCG-Ripple 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;년 보고서&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;토큰화 자산 시장이&lt;span&gt; 2033&lt;/span&gt;년까지 &lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;18.9&lt;/span&gt;조 달러&lt;/b&gt;로 성장할 것으로 예측합니다&lt;span&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;연평균&lt;span&gt; 53% &lt;/span&gt;성장&lt;span&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn31&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[31]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;FSB &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;토큰화 금융안정성 보고서&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;퍼미션리스 블록체인의 토큰화 머니마켓 상품이&lt;span&gt; 2023-2024&lt;/span&gt;년&lt;span&gt; 10&lt;/span&gt;억 달러를 돌파&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;했다고 발표했습니다&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn32&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[32]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;DBS &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;디지털 자산 업데이트&lt;span&gt; 3Q25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;실물자산&lt;span&gt;(RWA) &lt;/span&gt;토큰이&lt;span&gt; 250&lt;/span&gt;억 달러 규모로 성장&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;했으며&lt;span&gt;, 60%&lt;/span&gt;가 사모 신용&lt;span&gt;, 25%&lt;/span&gt;가 미국 국채와 연결되어 있다고 분석했습니다&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn33&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[33]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;7. 접근 방식 비교 분석&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;내부 개발 vs 외부 협력&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;내부 개발 선도&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: JPMorgan(Kinexys), Goldman Sachs(GS DAP), Citi(CIDAP)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;외부 협력 중심&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: Bank of America(Fnality 투자), Morgan Stanley(Zerohash 파트너십)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;프라이빗&lt;span&gt; vs &lt;/span&gt;퍼블릭 체인 활용&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;하이브리드 접근&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: JPMorgan(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;프라이빗&lt;span&gt; + Base &lt;/span&gt;퍼블릭 체인&lt;span&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;프라이빗 중심&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: Goldman Sachs(DAML/Canton), Citi(CIDAP)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;퍼블릭 통합 검토&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;모든 주요 은행이 상호운용성 확보 차원에서 검토 중&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;8. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;인프라 투자 현황&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;투자 규모 및 전담 팀&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;BCG 2025&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;년 보고서&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;에 따르면 은행들의 기술 투자가 &lt;b&gt;연평균&lt;span&gt; 9% &lt;/span&gt;성장&lt;/b&gt;하고 있으며&lt;span&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;전체 수익의&lt;span&gt; 10% &lt;/span&gt;이상을 차지합니다&lt;span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn34&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[34]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;주요 은행별 투자 현황:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPMorgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: Kinexys &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;사업부 독립 운영&lt;span&gt;, 1,000&lt;/span&gt;명 이상 개발팀&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Goldman Sachs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;디지털 자산 사업부 확대&lt;span&gt;, GS DAP &lt;/span&gt;독립 회사 설립 예정&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Citi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: CIDAP &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;플랫폼 구축을 위한 대규모 투자&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Bank of America&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: Fnality에 1억 3,500만 달러 투자&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn21&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[21]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Morgan Stanley&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: Zerohash 파트너십 통한 인프라 확보&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn24&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[24]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;9. 디지털 자산 유형별 전략&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;토큰증권(Tokenized Securities)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPMorgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;미국 국채&lt;span&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;머니마켓펀드&lt;span&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;뮤니시펀 채권&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Goldman Sachs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;회사채&lt;span&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;사모펀드&lt;span&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;부동산 투자신탁&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;예금토큰(Deposit Tokens)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;JPMorgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: JPMD 토큰 PoC 단계&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Citi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;토큰화된 예금 파일럿 프로그램&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn13&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;스테이블코인(Stablecoins)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Citi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;자체 스테이블코인 발행 검토&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn15&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[15]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;주요 은행 공동&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;합동 스테이블코인 이니셔티브 논의&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn35&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[35]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;10. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;핵심 파트너십 및 협력 현황&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size18&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;블록체인 기술 제공업체&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Chainlink&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: JPMorgan, DTCC, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;주요 자산운용사와 광범위한 협력&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn36&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[36]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;크로스체인 상호운용성 프로토콜&lt;span&gt;(CCIP) &lt;/span&gt;제공&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;스마트&lt;span&gt; NAV &lt;/span&gt;데이터 온체인 제공&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;코퍼레이트 액션 자동화 솔루션&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Digital Asset&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: Goldman Sachs GS DAP의 핵심 파트너&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn7&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;DAML &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;스마트 계약 언어 제공&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;middot;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Canton &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;프라이버시 블록체인 인프라&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;주요&lt;span&gt; IT &lt;/span&gt;기업 협력&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Microsoft Azure&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: JPMorgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;과 엔터프라이즈 블록체인 플랫폼 구축&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn37&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[37]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Amazon AWS&lt;/b&gt;: Liquefy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;와 실물자산 토큰화 솔루션 개발&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn37&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[37]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;핀테크 파트너십&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Zerohash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;: Morgan Stanley&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;의 핵심 인프라 파트너&lt;span&gt;, 10&lt;/span&gt;억 달러 가치 평가&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn24&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[24]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ondo Finance&lt;/b&gt;: JPMorgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;과 토큰화된 국채 거래 협력&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#fn6&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;이러한 종합 분석을 통해 미국 주요 은행들이 토큰증권 분야에서 각기 다른 전략과 접근 방식을 취하고 있음을 확인할 수 있으며&lt;span&gt;, JPMorgan&lt;/span&gt;과&lt;span&gt; Goldman Sachs&lt;/span&gt;가 기술적 선도자로 자리잡고 있고&lt;span&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;다른 은행들도 빠르게 따라잡기 위한 노력을 기울이고 있음을 알 수 있습니다&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;출처 :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;list-style-type: decimal;&quot; data-ke-list-type=&quot;decimal&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/17/jpmorgan-stablecoin-jpmd.html&quot;&gt;https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/17/jpmorgan-stablecoin-jpmd.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cryptodnes.bg/en/jpmorgan-lays-groundwork-for-tokenized-finance-with-new-blockchain-trademark/&quot;&gt;https://cryptodnes.bg/en/jpmorgan-lays-groundwork-for-tokenized-finance-with-new-blockchain-trademark/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.chaincatcher.com/en/article/2150728&quot;&gt;https://www.chaincatcher.com/en/article/2150728&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fstech.co.uk/fst/Jp_morgan_rebrands_onyx_as_it_seeks_to_expand_blockchain_unit.php&quot;&gt;https://www.fstech.co.uk/fst/Jp_morgan_rebrands_onyx_as_it_seeks_to_expand_blockchain_unit.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/crypto-strategies-international-banks-overview-2025-moritz-braun-vc3mf&quot;&gt;https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/crypto-strategies-international-banks-overview-2025-moritz-braun-vc3mf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://genfinity.io/2025/05/14/jpmorgan-tokenized-treasuries-blockchain/&quot;&gt;https://genfinity.io/2025/05/14/jpmorgan-tokenized-treasuries-blockchain/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.digitalasset.com/hubfs/GS_DAP%20DA%20Press%20Release_1_9_23.docx.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.digitalasset.com/hubfs/GS_DAP%20DA%20Press%20Release_1_9_23.docx.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fif.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=23537&amp;amp;catid=78&amp;amp;Itemid=1749&quot;&gt;https://fif.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=23537&amp;amp;catid=78&amp;amp;Itemid=1749&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/goldman-sachs-plans-spin-out-its-digital-assets-platform-bloomberg-news-reports-2024-11-18/&quot;&gt;https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/goldman-sachs-plans-spin-out-its-digital-assets-platform-bloomberg-news-reports-2024-11-18/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.idnfinancials.com/news/56126/goldman-sachs-bny-mellon-create-usd-7-1-trillion-digital-token&quot;&gt;https://www.idnfinancials.com/news/56126/goldman-sachs-bny-mellon-create-usd-7-1-trillion-digital-token&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goldmansachs.com/pressroom/press-releases/2025/bny-goldman-sachs-launch-tokenized-money-market-funds-solution&quot;&gt;https://www.goldmansachs.com/pressroom/press-releases/2025/bny-goldman-sachs-launch-tokenized-money-market-funds-solution&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goldmansachs.com/pressroom/press-releases/2024/announcement-18-nov-2024&quot;&gt;https://www.goldmansachs.com/pressroom/press-releases/2024/announcement-18-nov-2024&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.citigroup.com/global/businesses/digital-assets&quot;&gt;https://www.citigroup.com/global/businesses/digital-assets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-14/citi-explores-private-fund-tokenization-in-latest-blockchain-bet&quot;&gt;https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-14/citi-explores-private-fund-tokenization-in-latest-blockchain-bet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/07/15/citigroup-ceo-confirms-the-bank-is-looking-at-the-issuance-of-a-citi-stablecoin&quot;&gt;https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/07/15/citigroup-ceo-confirms-the-bank-is-looking-at-the-issuance-of-a-citi-stablecoin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cryptodnes.bg/en/citigroup-explores-launching-stablecoin-as-banks-embrace-crypto-shift/&quot;&gt;https://cryptodnes.bg/en/citigroup-explores-launching-stablecoin-as-banks-embrace-crypto-shift/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.smartsuite.com/news/bank-of-america-tokenization-real-world-assets&quot;&gt;https://www.smartsuite.com/news/bank-of-america-tokenization-real-world-assets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/08/01/tokenization-of-real-world-assets-is-gaining-momentum-says-bank-of-america&quot;&gt;https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2025/08/01/tokenization-of-real-world-assets-is-gaining-momentum-says-bank-of-america&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.linkedin.com/posts/efipylarinou_bitcoin-banking-fintech-activity-7361007206151970816-OEEs&quot;&gt;https://www.linkedin.com/posts/efipylarinou_bitcoin-banking-fintech-activity-7361007206151970816-OEEs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ledgerinsights.com/dlt-settlement-system-fnality-raises-135m-bofa-citi-among-new-backers/&quot;&gt;https://www.ledgerinsights.com/dlt-settlement-system-fnality-raises-135m-bofa-citi-among-new-backers/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://fnality.com/news/fnality-raises-136-million-in-series-c-funding&quot;&gt;https://fnality.com/news/fnality-raises-136-million-in-series-c-funding&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cryptorank.io/news/feed/e788c-morgan-stanley-to-unlock-1-3t-crypto-trading-via-e-trade-in-2026&quot;&gt;https://cryptorank.io/news/feed/e788c-morgan-stanley-to-unlock-1-3t-crypto-trading-via-e-trade-in-2026&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://finance.yahoo.com/news/morgan-stanley-unlock-1-3t-163121203.html&quot;&gt;https://finance.yahoo.com/news/morgan-stanley-unlock-1-3t-163121203.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.americanbanker.com/news/morgan-stanley-partners-with-crypto-platform-zerohash&quot;&gt;https://www.americanbanker.com/news/morgan-stanley-partners-with-crypto-platform-zerohash&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.elliptic.co/blog/crypto-regulatory-affairs-occ-gives-us-banks-clearance-to-engage-with-cryptoassets&quot;&gt;https://www.elliptic.co/blog/crypto-regulatory-affairs-occ-gives-us-banks-clearance-to-engage-with-cryptoassets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.lw.com/en/us-crypto-policy-tracker/regulatory-developments&quot;&gt;https://www.lw.com/en/us-crypto-policy-tracker/regulatory-developments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icmagroup.org/fintech-and-digitalisation/fintech-resources/tracker-of-new-fintech-applications-in-bond-markets/&quot;&gt;https://www.icmagroup.org/fintech-and-digitalisation/fintech-resources/tracker-of-new-fintech-applications-in-bond-markets/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jpmorganchase.com/content/dam/jpmc/jpmorgan-chase-and-co/investor-relations/documents/events/2025/jpmc-2025-investor-day/full-presentation.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.jpmorganchase.com/content/dam/jpmc/jpmorgan-chase-and-co/investor-relations/documents/events/2025/jpmc-2025-investor-day/full-presentation.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.goldmansachs.com/what-we-do/investment-banking/insights/articles/why-digital-asset-adoption-is-accelerating/why-digital-asset-adoption-is-accelerating.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.goldmansachs.com/what-we-do/investment-banking/insights/articles/why-digital-asset-adoption-is-accelerating/why-digital-asset-adoption-is-accelerating.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.citigroup.com/rcs/citigpa/storage/public/citi-2025-proxy-statement.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.citigroup.com/rcs/citigpa/storage/public/citi-2025-proxy-statement.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.zoniqx.com/resources/market-trends-shaping-asset-tokenization-in-2025&quot;&gt;https://www.zoniqx.com/resources/market-trends-shaping-asset-tokenization-in-2025&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fsb.org/uploads/P221024-2.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.fsb.org/uploads/P221024-2.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dbs.com/content/article/pdf/AIO/082025/250821_insights_digital_asset.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.dbs.com/content/article/pdf/AIO/082025/250821_insights_digital_asset.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bcg.com/publications/2025/tech-banking-transformation-starts-with-smarter-tech-investment&quot;&gt;https://www.bcg.com/publications/2025/tech-banking-transformation-starts-with-smarter-tech-investment&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fintechstrategy.com/blog/2025/05/27/major-us-banks-collaborate-on-joint-stablecoin-initiative/&quot;&gt;https://www.fintechstrategy.com/blog/2025/05/27/major-us-banks-collaborate-on-joint-stablecoin-initiative/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blog.chain.link/chainlink-2024-highlights/&quot;&gt;https://blog.chain.link/chainlink-2024-highlights/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/fintech-blockchain-market-102874&quot;&gt;https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/fintech-blockchain-market-102874&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mitrade.com/insights/news/live-news/article-3-797708-20250503&quot;&gt;https://www.mitrade.com/insights/news/live-news/article-3-797708-20250503&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://tblocks.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Beyond-Crypto-Tokenization-BoA.pdf&quot;&gt;https://tblocks.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Beyond-Crypto-Tokenization-BoA.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sama.gov.sa/en-US/News/Documents/Project_Aber_report-EN.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.sama.gov.sa/en-US/News/Documents/Project_Aber_report-EN.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://financialit.net/news/blockchain/bny-mellon-and-goldman-sachs-launch-tokenized-money-market-funds-solution&quot;&gt;https://financialit.net/news/blockchain/bny-mellon-and-goldman-sachs-launch-tokenized-money-market-funds-solution&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/real-world-asset-tokenization-how-goldman-sachs-bny-mellon-singh-bqumc&quot;&gt;https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/real-world-asset-tokenization-how-goldman-sachs-bny-mellon-singh-bqumc&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icmagroup.org/fintech-and-digitalisation/fintech-advisory-committee-and-related-groups/dlt-bonds-working-group/&quot;&gt;https://www.icmagroup.org/fintech-and-digitalisation/fintech-advisory-committee-and-related-groups/dlt-bonds-working-group/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jpmorgan.com/content/dam/jpm/cib/complex/content/securities-services/regulatory-solutions/evolution-of-digital-assets.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.jpmorgan.com/content/dam/jpm/cib/complex/content/securities-services/regulatory-solutions/evolution-of-digital-assets.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/23/goldman-sachs-bny-money-market-fund-digital-tokens.html&quot;&gt;https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/23/goldman-sachs-bny-money-market-fund-digital-tokens.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/index&quot;&gt;https://www.jpmorgan.com/kinexys/index&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mas.gov.sg/schemes-and-initiatives/project-ubin&quot;&gt;https://www.mas.gov.sg/schemes-and-initiatives/project-ubin&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jpmorganchase.com/newsroom/press-releases/2025/jpmc-coinbase-partnership&quot;&gt;https://www.jpmorganchase.com/newsroom/press-releases/2025/jpmc-coinbase-partnership&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sdx.com/news/citi-and-sdx-join-forces-to-unlock-access-to-tokenized-private-market-assets/&quot;&gt;https://www.sdx.com/news/citi-and-sdx-join-forces-to-unlock-access-to-tokenized-private-market-assets/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blockworks.co/news/wells-fargo-jpmorgan-set-to-launch-passive-bitcoin-trusts&quot;&gt;https://blockworks.co/news/wells-fargo-jpmorgan-set-to-launch-passive-bitcoin-trusts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Regulatory/FinTech/ICMA-DLT-Bonds-Reference-Guide-December-2024-111224.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Regulatory/FinTech/ICMA-DLT-Bonds-Reference-Guide-December-2024-111224.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cointelegraph.com/news/etrade-crypto-trading-2026-morgan-stanley-zerohash&quot;&gt;https://cointelegraph.com/news/etrade-crypto-trading-2026-morgan-stanley-zerohash&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.citibank.com/icg/docs/securities-services/Citi-Securities-Services-Evolution-2025.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.citibank.com/icg/docs/securities-services/Citi-Securities-Services-Evolution-2025.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cobo.com/post/congress-crypto-bills-stablecoin-banking-integration-071825&quot;&gt;https://www.cobo.com/post/congress-crypto-bills-stablecoin-banking-integration-071825&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.wsj.com/finance/banking/crypto-stablecoin-big-banks-a841059e&quot;&gt;https://www.wsj.com/finance/banking/crypto-stablecoin-big-banks-a841059e&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.citigroup.com/rcs/citigpa/storage/public/digital-assets-mapping-applications-enterprise-report.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.citigroup.com/rcs/citigpa/storage/public/digital-assets-mapping-applications-enterprise-report.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dlapiper.com/insights/publications/2022/12/tokenized-securities-and-blockchain-opportunities-of-the-dlt-pilot-regime&quot;&gt;https://www.dlapiper.com/insights/publications/2022/12/tokenized-securities-and-blockchain-opportunities-of-the-dlt-pilot-regime&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.disruptionbanking.com/2025/02/04/what-happened-to-onyx-by-jp-morgan/&quot;&gt;https://www.disruptionbanking.com/2025/02/04/what-happened-to-onyx-by-jp-morgan/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://clsbluesky.law.columbia.edu/2025/05/08/u-s-banking-agencies-shift-toward-crypto-integration/&quot;&gt;https://clsbluesky.law.columbia.edu/2025/05/08/u-s-banking-agencies-shift-toward-crypto-integration/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gtlaw-overheardontheblockchain.com/2025/07/22/federal-banking-regulators-issue-guidance-on-risk-management-for-crypto-asset-safekeeping-activities/&quot;&gt;https://www.gtlaw-overheardontheblockchain.com/2025/07/22/federal-banking-regulators-issue-guidance-on-risk-management-for-crypto-asset-safekeeping-activities/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jpmorgan.com/insights/payments/payment-trends/introducing-kinexys&quot;&gt;https://www.jpmorgan.com/insights/payments/payment-trends/introducing-kinexys&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.assetservicingtimes.com/assetservicesnews/digitalassetsarticle.php?article_id=16966&quot;&gt;https://www.assetservicingtimes.com/assetservicesnews/digitalassetsarticle.php?article_id=16966&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/news-releases/2025/nr-ia-2025-68.html&quot;&gt;https://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/news-releases/2025/nr-ia-2025-68.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://developer.gs.com/discover/gs-dap&quot;&gt;https://developer.gs.com/discover/gs-dap&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.bakerlaw.com/insights/us-financial-regulators-chart-new-path-forward-for-the-crypto-industry/&quot;&gt;https://www.bakerlaw.com/insights/us-financial-regulators-chart-new-path-forward-for-the-crypto-industry/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2023/11/27/jpmorgan-and-apollo-executives-reveal-plan-for-an-enterprise-mainnet/&quot;&gt;https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2023/11/27/jpmorgan-and-apollo-executives-reveal-plan-for-an-enterprise-mainnet/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://bankingjournal.aba.com/2025/09/decoding-digital-money/&quot;&gt;https://bankingjournal.aba.com/2025/09/decoding-digital-money/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://corporate.visa.com/en/sites/visa-economic-empowerment-institute/update-on-key-digital-asset-technologies.html&quot;&gt;https://corporate.visa.com/en/sites/visa-economic-empowerment-institute/update-on-key-digital-asset-technologies.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.investopedia.com/10-biggest-blockchain-companies-5213784&quot;&gt;https://www.investopedia.com/10-biggest-blockchain-companies-5213784&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gft.com/int/en/blog/banking-on-stablecoins-financial-institutions-lead-the-wave-of-digital-money&quot;&gt;https://www.gft.com/int/en/blog/banking-on-stablecoins-financial-institutions-lead-the-wave-of-digital-money&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://4irelabs.com/articles/top-stablecoin-development-companies/&quot;&gt;https://4irelabs.com/articles/top-stablecoin-development-companies/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.chainup.com/blog/promising-asset-tokenization-projects/&quot;&gt;https://www.chainup.com/blog/promising-asset-tokenization-projects/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/the-stable-door-opens-how-tokenized-cash-enables-next-gen-payments&quot;&gt;https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/the-stable-door-opens-how-tokenized-cash-enables-next-gen-payments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.ulam.io/blog/the-best-crypto-friendly-banks-worldwide&quot;&gt;https://www.ulam.io/blog/the-best-crypto-friendly-banks-worldwide&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://coinlaw.io/asset-tokenization-statistics/&quot;&gt;https://coinlaw.io/asset-tokenization-statistics/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.dlapiper.com/en/en/insights/publications/blockchain-and-digital-assets-news-and-trends/2024/blockchain-and-digital-assets-news-and-trends-october-2024---december-2024&quot;&gt;https://www.dlapiper.com/en/en/insights/publications/blockchain-and-digital-assets-news-and-trends/2024/blockchain-and-digital-assets-news-and-trends-october-2024---december-2024&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.leewayhertz.com/top-blockchain-development-companies-2023/&quot;&gt;https://www.leewayhertz.com/top-blockchain-development-companies-2023/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Asset_Tokenization_in_Financial_Markets_2025.pdf&quot;&gt;https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Asset_Tokenization_in_Financial_Markets_2025.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.morganstanley.com/im/publication/insights/articles/article_modernizingfinancialinfrastructure_a4.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.morganstanley.com/im/publication/insights/articles/article_modernizingfinancialinfrastructure_a4.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rapidinnovation.io/post/top-10-blockchain-development-companies-leading-the-charge-in-2024&quot;&gt;https://www.rapidinnovation.io/post/top-10-blockchain-development-companies-leading-the-charge-in-2024&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Digital-Assets-Report-EO14178.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/07/Digital-Assets-Report-EO14178.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/221/TBACCharge2Q22025.pdf&quot;&gt;https://home.treasury.gov/system/files/221/TBACCharge2Q22025.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/us-banks-lobby-regulators-national-standards-curb-state-influence-sources-say-2025-08-22/&quot;&gt;https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/us-banks-lobby-regulators-national-standards-curb-state-influence-sources-say-2025-08-22/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/21/living-wills-citigroup-jpmorgan-chase-goldman-sachs-hit-by-regulators.html&quot;&gt;https://www.cnbc.com/2024/06/21/living-wills-citigroup-jpmorgan-chase-goldman-sachs-hit-by-regulators.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/douglaslaney/2025/09/27/big-business-is-betting-big-on-blockchain-based-payments/&quot;&gt;https://www.forbes.com/sites/douglaslaney/2025/09/27/big-business-is-betting-big-on-blockchain-based-payments/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://binariks.com/blog/emerging-blockchain-technology-trends/&quot;&gt;https://binariks.com/blog/emerging-blockchain-technology-trends/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20240621a.htm&quot;&gt;https://www.federalreserve.gov/newsevents/pressreleases/bcreg20240621a.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://itexus.com/top-blockchain-development-companies/&quot;&gt;https://itexus.com/top-blockchain-development-companies/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://innowise.com/blog/fintech-trends/&quot;&gt;https://innowise.com/blog/fintech-trends/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sustainalytics.com/esg-research/resource/investors-esg-blog/a-new-state-of-play--impact-of-changing-regulatory-priorities-on-us-banks-and-their-esg-views&quot;&gt;https://www.sustainalytics.com/esg-research/resource/investors-esg-blog/a-new-state-of-play--impact-of-changing-regulatory-priorities-on-us-banks-and-their-esg-views&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://acropolium.com/blog/use-cases-for-blockchain-technology-adoption-across-major-industries/&quot;&gt;https://acropolium.com/blog/use-cases-for-blockchain-technology-adoption-across-major-industries/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/fintech-2025/usa/trends-and-developments&quot;&gt;https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practice-guides/fintech-2025/usa/trends-and-developments&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fireblocks.com/report/state-of-stablecoins/&quot;&gt;https://www.fireblocks.com/report/state-of-stablecoins/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.occ.gov/topics/supervision-and-examination/financial-technology/index-financial-technology.html&quot;&gt;https://www.occ.gov/topics/supervision-and-examination/financial-technology/index-financial-technology.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.jpmorganchase.com/content/dam/jpmc/jpmorgan-chase-and-co/investor-relations/documents/annualreport-2024.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.jpmorganchase.com/content/dam/jpmc/jpmorgan-chase-and-co/investor-relations/documents/annualreport-2024.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.rapidinnovation.io/post/blockchain-technology-transforming-the-future-of-banking&quot;&gt;https://www.rapidinnovation.io/post/blockchain-technology-transforming-the-future-of-banking&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://cointelegraph.com/news/uk-finance-tokenized-sterling-deposits-barclays-hsbc-quant&quot;&gt;https://cointelegraph.com/news/uk-finance-tokenized-sterling-deposits-barclays-hsbc-quant&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://defisolutions.com/answers/banking-technology-trends/&quot;&gt;https://defisolutions.com/answers/banking-technology-trends/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://treasurup.com/stablecoins-strategic-playbook-banks-2025/&quot;&gt;https://treasurup.com/stablecoins-strategic-playbook-banks-2025/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://sdk.finance/how-to-build-a-crypto-banking-solution/&quot;&gt;https://sdk.finance/how-to-build-a-crypto-banking-solution/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2082889/000121390025080461/ea0254517-s1_bitwise.htm&quot;&gt;https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/2082889/000121390025080461/ea0254517-s1_bitwise.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/publications/2025/docs/unlocking-the-future-of-finance-with-stablecoins.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.pwc.com/m1/en/publications/2025/docs/unlocking-the-future-of-finance-with-stablecoins.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://legal.pwc.de/content/services/global-crypto-regulation-report/pwc-global-crypto-regulation-report-2025.pdf&quot;&gt;https://legal.pwc.de/content/services/global-crypto-regulation-report/pwc-global-crypto-regulation-report-2025.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCvREV39GEE&quot;&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SCvREV39GEE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.fsb.org/uploads/P221024-3.pdf&quot;&gt;https://www.fsb.org/uploads/P221024-3.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/us-banks-digital-assets/&quot;&gt;https://www.chainalysis.com/blog/us-banks-digital-assets/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.whitecase.com/insight-our-thinking/financial-ma-september-2025-fintech&quot;&gt;https://www.whitecase.com/insight-our-thinking/financial-ma-september-2025-fintech&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.treliant.com/knowledge-center/2025-roadmap-for-banks-navigating-regulation-streamlining-costs-embracing-ai/&quot;&gt;https://www.treliant.com/knowledge-center/2025-roadmap-for-banks-navigating-regulation-streamlining-costs-embracing-ai/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.forbes.com/sites/lawrencewintermeyer/2024/11/07/big-financial-institutions-solve-a-31-trillion-problem-with-ai-and-blockchain/&quot;&gt;https://www.forbes.com/sites/lawrencewintermeyer/2024/11/07/big-financial-institutions-solve-a-31-trillion-problem-with-ai-and-blockchain/&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://media-publications.bcg.com/Stablecoins-five-killer-tests-to-gauge-their-potential.pdf&quot;&gt;https://media-publications.bcg.com/Stablecoins-five-killer-tests-to-gauge-their-potential.pdf&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;</description>
      <category>자료, 보고서</category>
      <author>anony mous</author>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://mega-studio.tistory.com/154</guid>
      <comments>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/154#entry154comment</comments>
      <pubDate>Mon, 29 Sep 2025 13:45:37 +0900</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>블록체인 만들기 [워크식스]</title>
      <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/150</link>
      <description>&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;노드 준비하기&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;블록체인에서는 사용자가 모두 정보를 공유함으로 무엇보다 노드가 중요한 역할을 하게 됩니다. 노드란 끝을 이야기하며 곧 유저가 되겠습니다. 정확히 말하면 유저의 컴퓨터, 서버, 스마트폰 등이 되겠습니다. 가상으로 여러개의 유저를 만들었다 가정하고 블록체인을 구현할 수 도 있겠지만 이해를 돕기위해 물리적 구현을 합니다.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; width=&quot;900&quot; height=&quot;566&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;900&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;566&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/dR74wh/btrc4EwLVGz/dODGngygSG1xZgeXzU7YsK/img.jpg&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/dR74wh/btrc4EwLVGz/dODGngygSG1xZgeXzU7YsK/img.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/dR74wh/btrc4EwLVGz/dODGngygSG1xZgeXzU7YsK/img.jpg&quot; srcset=&quot;https://img1.daumcdn.net/thumb/R1280x0/?scode=mtistory2&amp;fname=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kakaocdn.net%2Fdn%2FdR74wh%2Fbtrc4EwLVGz%2FdODGngygSG1xZgeXzU7YsK%2Fimg.jpg&quot; width=&quot;900&quot; height=&quot;566&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;900&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;566&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;좀 더 다이나믹한 결과를 만들어내기 위하여 컴퓨터 4대, 공유기 1대가 필요하였고, 기존에 잠자고 있던 공유기 1대, 라즈베리파이3 한대와 새로 구입한 라즈베리파이 제로 W 3대를 준비하였습니다. 공유기는 가상의 인터넷이 되고 컴퓨터 4대는 노드가 되며 가상의 인터넷에 컴퓨터 4대가 와이파이로 연결된 환경을 만들었습니다.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;노드 환경 만들기&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;블록체인 만들기 3편에서 좀 더 자세히 설명하겠지만 블록체인 기술을 이용하여 만들 내용은 기업 대 기업 또는 기업 대 은행 간의 거래 사실을 인증하여 투자 및 대출 사기 피해를 방지하는 프로그램을 만들 것 입니다.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; width=&quot;900&quot; height=&quot;630&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;900&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;630&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/cX0zHF/btrc1eZ87mf/1WxYYslfh1TwwXh9NbfeK1/img.jpg&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/cX0zHF/btrc1eZ87mf/1WxYYslfh1TwwXh9NbfeK1/img.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/cX0zHF/btrc1eZ87mf/1WxYYslfh1TwwXh9NbfeK1/img.jpg&quot; srcset=&quot;https://img1.daumcdn.net/thumb/R1280x0/?scode=mtistory2&amp;fname=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kakaocdn.net%2Fdn%2FcX0zHF%2Fbtrc1eZ87mf%2F1WxYYslfh1TwwXh9NbfeK1%2Fimg.jpg&quot; width=&quot;900&quot; height=&quot;630&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;900&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;630&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;작업중 혼란을 방지하기 위해 각 컴퓨터에 인증센터, A, B, C&amp;nbsp;이라고 스티커를 붙여줬습니다. 대부분은 각 회사(또는 은행)에 서버가 존재할 것 입니다. 따라서 컴퓨터 4대에 웹서버(아파치)를 설치해주었습니다. 데이터베이스와 프로그램 언어는 간단하게 mysql과 php로 설치해줬습니다.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;라즈베리파이3 에서 os, apache, php, mariadb 설치가 궁금하신 분들은 아래 링크에서 차례로 확인해 주세요.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://work6.kr/blog/export/392&quot;&gt;[워크식스] 라즈베리파이3 OS설치 (라즈비안 LITE)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://work6.kr/blog/export/396&quot;&gt;[워크식스] 라즈베리파이3 와이파이 설정&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://work6.kr/blog/export/421&quot;&gt;[워크식스] 라즈베리파이3 Apache2, php7, mariadb 설치하기&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://work6.kr/blog/export/395&quot;&gt;[워크식스] 라즈베이파이3 ssh 설정해서 원격으로 접속하기&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://work6.kr/blog/export/394&quot;&gt;[워크식스] 라즈베리파이3 따옴표 안눌리는 문제 해결&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.work6.kr/414&quot;&gt;블록체인 만들기 1편 - 개요&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.work6.kr/415&quot;&gt;블록체인 만들기 2편 - 시뮬레이션 환경 준비하기&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.work6.kr/416&quot;&gt;블록체인 만들기 3편 - 어떤 블록체인을 만들것인가 기획하기&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.work6.kr/417&quot;&gt;블록체인 만들기 4편 - 구현하기&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.work6.kr/418&quot;&gt;블록체인 만들기 5편 - 테스트/마치며&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;출처:&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blog.work6.kr/415&quot;&gt;https://blog.work6.kr/415&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;[워크식스 티스토리]&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <author>anony mous</author>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://mega-studio.tistory.com/150</guid>
      <comments>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/150#entry150comment</comments>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Aug 2021 08:50:08 +0900</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A Shallow Dive Into Bitcoin&amp;rsquo;s Blockchain</title>
      <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/149</link>
      <description>&lt;p id=&quot;1ae8&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;From natural objects to coins, to paper money backed by gold, to just paper money, to digital money. Whatever the format, money serves as a mean of exchange, a method of payment, a standard of value, a store of wealth.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;f9ce&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Today most of the transactions are becoming just digital. For example, this is what happens when you buy stuff from a merchant using your card:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;7226&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;1. You are being authorized by entering your PIN to the merchant&amp;rsquo;s machine&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;a7c8&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;2. Transaction and card data are sent to the merchant&amp;rsquo;s bank&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;b00a&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;3. Merchant&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;s bank (Acquirer in the figure below) forwards the details to your card&amp;rsquo;s organization (Visa, Mastercard, etc.)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;e236&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;4. Then the card organization contacts your bank (issuing bank in the figure below) to make sure the card is valid and has money in it&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;9139&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;5. Once the merchant receives the OK message back, they can give you the goods/services&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;500&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;700&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;500&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/c2jOqh/btrcSsE8FR1/2kSFuzKzkVgkwB7OyBZyhk/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/c2jOqh/btrcSsE8FR1/2kSFuzKzkVgkwB7OyBZyhk/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/c2jOqh/btrcSsE8FR1/2kSFuzKzkVgkwB7OyBZyhk/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://img1.daumcdn.net/thumb/R1280x0/?scode=mtistory2&amp;fname=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kakaocdn.net%2Fdn%2Fc2jOqh%2FbtrcSsE8FR1%2F2kSFuzKzkVgkwB7OyBZyhk%2Fimg.png&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;500&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;700&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;500&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Acquirer is Merchant&amp;rsquo;s Bank. Issuing Bank is the Customer&amp;rsquo;s bank.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://wallethub.com/edu/cc/credit-card-transaction/25511/&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;9add&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;6. At the end of the day merchants&amp;rsquo; bank sends all the valid transaction data to the card organization (Visa for example) for settlement&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;243c&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;7. The card organization forwards all merchant&amp;rsquo;s transactions to the customers&amp;rsquo; banks (issuing bank)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;64bc&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;8. Customers&amp;rsquo; banks will need to transfer the funds to the card organization&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;2dd9&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;9. Card organization pays the merchants&amp;rsquo; bank less an interchange fee&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;051e&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;10. Merchant&amp;rsquo;s bank deposits the funds to the merchant&amp;rsquo;s account, less a fee&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*55WDPsN0RLqLSPdHDwSupA.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*55WDPsN0RLqLSPdHDwSupA.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*55WDPsN0RLqLSPdHDwSupA.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*55WDPsN0RLqLSPdHDwSupA.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;600&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;754&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bbRsYx/btrcVktjGOB/0fk88JiEFPIq12EYBfJb21/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bbRsYx/btrcVktjGOB/0fk88JiEFPIq12EYBfJb21/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bbRsYx/btrcVktjGOB/0fk88JiEFPIq12EYBfJb21/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*55WDPsN0RLqLSPdHDwSupA.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*55WDPsN0RLqLSPdHDwSupA.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*55WDPsN0RLqLSPdHDwSupA.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*55WDPsN0RLqLSPdHDwSupA.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;600&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;754&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Acquirer is Merchant&amp;rsquo;s Bank. Issuing Bank is the Customer&amp;rsquo;s bank.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://wallethub.com/edu/cc/credit-card-transaction/25511/&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;0124&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Card organizations act as the middleman for financial institutions. They are facilitating transactions among people&amp;rsquo;s bank accounts. It&amp;rsquo;s like they are on top of banks giving you secure access to your funds with just a card.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;f0fe&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;This article, however, analyses how we can securely transact amongst ourselves.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;e08c&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Let&amp;rsquo;s try to build a system without having to depend on any organization.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;5b5c&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The first approach would be having a public place where we save all transactions happening among us. A database ledger, for example, on a public server somewhere. So, whenever a transaction is happening we would save it on that database. A digital wallet would automatically send the details of a transaction to that server.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;a620&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;But you can quickly see problems arising with this approach. Who will be in charge of such a database server? The one with access to the server will have the power to add, edit or delete a transaction however he pleases.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;293b&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;To remove that bit of trust we can have every participant of the network keep a copy of that database ledger on their machine.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;b39d&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;But here is another question.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;How can participants keep this ledger in sync? How can you get everyone to agree on the same ledger?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;78df&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;To address this challenge, central authorities are substituted using a consensus algorithm called Proof of Work (PoW).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;58f2&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Sidenote:&lt;br /&gt;The term for PoW is &amp;ldquo;mining&amp;rdquo;. And the purpose of mining is not to find new coins as the term mislead, but rather to keep the blockchain secure.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;1d8e&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The basic idea is to trust the ledger with the most computational work done on it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;0992&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Remember from a participant&amp;rsquo;s point of view he can trust no one!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;72a7&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;On the bitcoin network, miners put together transactions in a block and broadcast them to the rest of the participants. Not all participants need to create blocks (be a miner) though. Participants can also just listen and verify the validity of new transactions; the transactions that they are interested in.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;e9d6&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;A wallet app on a mobile phone, for example, can also participate but not necessarily support the functionalities that a full mining participant runs (this includes verify and broadcast all newly created transactions and blocks, create new blocks, etc). This would require lots of computational power and Gigabytes of space.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*T817rv7cdHLFNesAzGPeOg.gif 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/500/1*T817rv7cdHLFNesAzGPeOg.gif 500w&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; height=&quot;282&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;880&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;496&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/3IeHJ/btrcZtDhZeH/lZ6WI1ek0W9kDZ4eWCQF0K/img.gif&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/3IeHJ/btrcZtDhZeH/lZ6WI1ek0W9kDZ4eWCQF0K/img.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/3IeHJ/btrcZtDhZeH/lZ6WI1ek0W9kDZ4eWCQF0K/img.gif&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*T817rv7cdHLFNesAzGPeOg.gif 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/500/1*T817rv7cdHLFNesAzGPeOg.gif 500w&quot; width=&quot;500&quot; height=&quot;282&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;880&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;496&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Alice, running a full mining node, just found a new block and broadcasted it to the rest of the network. Bob, being a participant in the network, listening for new blocks of transactions from the miners, receives the newly created block.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBC-nXj3Ng4&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;2d80&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Let&amp;rsquo;s say you are a participant on this network. How can you trust that miners do their job right? In other words, make sure that the blocks of transactions that you receive from them are valid, and at the same time, everyone else records the same blocks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;5f70&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The way you trust the miners is by validating that they put some computational effort (PoW) into creating those blocks. This mining process will be discussed later in more detail.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;c2da&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Bad actors can put some effort as well and send you blocks right?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;abc6&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Correct! But there here is the caveat:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;efa9&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Because it takes time and effort to create the PoW for those blocks, bad actors can&amp;rsquo;t just trick the whole network easily.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;0863&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Assume that you receive a block with a bad miner&amp;rsquo;s transaction in it. After a little while, you hear another block from a good miner but with a conflicting transaction. From your point of view, you don&amp;rsquo;t really know which of the two blocks to trust.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;e374&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The key point is to keep both blocks and create two separate blockchains (a fork event) and keep listening for new blocks; along with their PoW.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;413f&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;For more details see this animation&amp;rsquo;s caption:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*imoofMCVRpP9guSKJLlvlw.gif 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*imoofMCVRpP9guSKJLlvlw.gif 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*imoofMCVRpP9guSKJLlvlw.gif 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*imoofMCVRpP9guSKJLlvlw.gif 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;394&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;905&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;509&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/cPYK2Z/btrc2oHWuAm/Mbh1SFnIr1b6iE2aY8qSX1/img.gif&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/cPYK2Z/btrc2oHWuAm/Mbh1SFnIr1b6iE2aY8qSX1/img.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/cPYK2Z/btrc2oHWuAm/Mbh1SFnIr1b6iE2aY8qSX1/img.gif&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*imoofMCVRpP9guSKJLlvlw.gif 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*imoofMCVRpP9guSKJLlvlw.gif 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*imoofMCVRpP9guSKJLlvlw.gif 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*imoofMCVRpP9guSKJLlvlw.gif 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;394&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;905&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;509&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;In this example, Alice is trying to cheat the network by trying to convince it that her version of the chain is the valid one (and thus the transactions in it). Bob, who is a participant in the network, is trying to understand which blockchain is the correct one.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBC-nXj3Ng4&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;cf19&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;A fork is not necessarily a bad thing. It happens every day in the network. It occurs naturally as a result of transmission delays in the global network. i.e. two different miners finding and transmitting a block at the same time (each miner will include different transactions or transactions in a different order when creating a block and it can happen for 2 different miners finding a nonce for their blocks at the same time). But as long as all nodes wait and select the longest chain, the network eventually converges to a consistent state (consensus through the network).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*heb5bONlKgDSm6tyu8UfzA.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*heb5bONlKgDSm6tyu8UfzA.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*heb5bONlKgDSm6tyu8UfzA.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*heb5bONlKgDSm6tyu8UfzA.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;840&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;1054&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/xL4AB/btrc1TuHSdo/608KiBuu9Y3OxyxwMXqYIK/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/xL4AB/btrc1TuHSdo/608KiBuu9Y3OxyxwMXqYIK/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/xL4AB/btrc1TuHSdo/608KiBuu9Y3OxyxwMXqYIK/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*heb5bONlKgDSm6tyu8UfzA.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*heb5bONlKgDSm6tyu8UfzA.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*heb5bONlKgDSm6tyu8UfzA.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*heb5bONlKgDSm6tyu8UfzA.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;840&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;1054&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Visualization of a blockchain fork event: two blocks propagate at the same time. Some nodes receive block &amp;ldquo;triangle&amp;rdquo; first and some receive block &amp;ldquo;upside-down triangle&amp;rdquo; first.&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/blob/develop/images/mbc2_1004.png&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;fa38&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Therefore, if bad miners&amp;rsquo; blocks do not eventually make it and convince the rest of the network, all the effort is wasted, among the resources they used to make it. And that&amp;rsquo;s one of the factors that disincentivize bad actors from cheating.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1 id=&quot;d29a&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;What kind of computational work do miners need to do in order to prove that they put some effort into the creation of a block?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;32de&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;To understand this let&amp;rsquo;s explain&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;cryptographic hash functions&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;first.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;dcee&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The first thing to note is that&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://medium.com/@alymbouras/this-is-how-internet-works-in-8-mins-f28e785e1f5b&quot;&gt;everything in the digital world boils down to bits&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;(0s and 1s).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;d477&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;A&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;cryptographic hash function&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;is a mathematical function that takes any size of bits (this is the input message &amp;mdash; a text, an image, a number) and outputs a fixed length of 256-bits. This output is called the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;hash value, digest&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;or simply the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;hash&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;of the message.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;79bd&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Cryptographic hash functions have these properties:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;list-style-type: disc;&quot; data-ke-list-type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;79b2&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;It is infeasible to modify a message without changing the hash value. If you slightly change the input message, even one bit, the resulting hash value changes completely!&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;91ef&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;It is infeasible to find two different messages with the same hash value. The same input message (set of bits) will always give the same hash value (256-bits) and two different messages (sets of bits) will give different hash value (256-bits).&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;e4dc&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;It is infeasible to generate a message from its hash value. Having the 256-bit hash value you can go backwards and find the message used as an input.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*XAScC8DOIAkqNjY9pd-Hxg.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*XAScC8DOIAkqNjY9pd-Hxg.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*XAScC8DOIAkqNjY9pd-Hxg.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*XAScC8DOIAkqNjY9pd-Hxg.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;737&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;925&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/RtQzU/btrcZtpG4cS/InXNQFoLHKdbLvuLYwEV71/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/RtQzU/btrcZtpG4cS/InXNQFoLHKdbLvuLYwEV71/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/RtQzU/btrcZtpG4cS/InXNQFoLHKdbLvuLYwEV71/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*XAScC8DOIAkqNjY9pd-Hxg.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*XAScC8DOIAkqNjY9pd-Hxg.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*XAScC8DOIAkqNjY9pd-Hxg.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*XAScC8DOIAkqNjY9pd-Hxg.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;737&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;925&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Hashing comparison. Note that for readability hexadecimal notation is used for the resulting hash. One hex value represents 4 bits. 64 hex values times 4 bits = 256 bits.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://freecontent.manning.com/cryptographic-hashes-and-bitcoin/&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;b365&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Bitcoin uses the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.bitcoinwiki.org/wiki/SHA-256&quot;&gt;SHA256&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;hash function.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;6be6&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;How can such a function prove that the participants did spend a lot of computational power? In other words, how do we know that a miner actually did the work required for a specific block of transactions?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The rule is that miners will have to find a number, called&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;nonce&lt;/b&gt;, that when added to the block of transactions and hashed together will result to a 256-bit hash (called the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;block hash&lt;/b&gt;) that starts with a specific amount of 0s. This amount of leading 0s is defined by the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;difficulty level&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;b04a&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Remember in the digital world&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://medium.com/@alymbouras/this-is-how-internet-works-in-8-mins-f28e785e1f5b&quot;&gt;everything is represented in bits&lt;/a&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;30e9&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Each block in the blockchain contains various information about the block (transactions, creation time, etc.). This information is represented as a set of bits as well. Those bits are unique for each block because it has a unique creation time and set of transactions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote data-ke-style=&quot;style1&quot;&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;10ed&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;What makes it hard work for the miners is to find an extra number of bits (the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;nonce&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;number) that when added to the existing block&amp;rsquo;s bits, and hashed together using the SHA256 hash function, will result to a hash value with a specific set of 0s (defined by the difficulty level). The only way to produce a hash value matching a specific target is to try again and again, randomly modifying the input (by trying a different nonce number) until the desired hash value appears by chance.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;b8e3&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Take time to read that again. That&amp;rsquo;s the cornerstone of Proof of Work.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*VlZfauWx0vDAyT_nB_tL7g.gif 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*VlZfauWx0vDAyT_nB_tL7g.gif 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*VlZfauWx0vDAyT_nB_tL7g.gif 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*VlZfauWx0vDAyT_nB_tL7g.gif 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;394&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;905&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;509&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/ozYaL/btrcXks30Gp/vZ7F66LFHl2ib2XTCXPkpk/img.gif&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/ozYaL/btrcXks30Gp/vZ7F66LFHl2ib2XTCXPkpk/img.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/ozYaL/btrcXks30Gp/vZ7F66LFHl2ib2XTCXPkpk/img.gif&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*VlZfauWx0vDAyT_nB_tL7g.gif 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*VlZfauWx0vDAyT_nB_tL7g.gif 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*VlZfauWx0vDAyT_nB_tL7g.gif 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*VlZfauWx0vDAyT_nB_tL7g.gif 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;394&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;905&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;509&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Hashing numbers to find the nonce that satisfies the difficulty level.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBC-nXj3Ng4&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;95e9&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;This number (nonce) acts as proof that a certain amount of work was done to produce a resulting hash that matches a specific target. Thus the term Proof of Work.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;429a&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The nice thing about using this method is that every participant can easily verify that they did a large amount of work, without having to do the same effort. Having 1. the block&amp;rsquo;s data, 2. the nonce and 3. the resulting hash, anyone can quickly validate its correctness using the same function.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;0c27&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;A block that satisfies the difficulty level is considered valid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;cbd9&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;So, if a bad actor was about to change a transaction (essentially some bits in the message), the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;block hash&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;would be different and most probably not starting with the required amount of 0s and as a result, invalidating the block.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;248c&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;block hash&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;acts as a digital fingerprint, or a block identifier lets say. It identifies a block uniquely and can be independently derived by any node by simply hashing the block&amp;rsquo;s data (nonce, transactions, difficulty level, timestamp, etc.).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;9143&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;One thing I haven&amp;rsquo;t mentioned is that a bad miner, could not just change any transaction. There as an extra bit of security which I will discuss on&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://medium.com/@alymbouras/a-shallow-dive-into-bitcoins-blockchain-part-2-transactions-d4ee83067bae&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Part 2 &amp;mdash; transactions&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;. But for now, take this for granted.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;b80f&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Having this extra bit of security, a bad miner could only change one of his own transactions.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;5669&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;So in order to cheat the network, he will have to go to the specific block in the chain (the block where his transaction is saved) change the transaction in his favor and re-do the work of finding a&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;block hash&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;that satisfies the block&amp;rsquo;s difficulty level. Propagating such a block to the rest of the network would be considered be totally valid.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;9b93&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Unless we add another bit of security.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;2a22&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;All the blocks are connected with each other! By hashing the previous block&amp;rsquo;s hash and not just the transactions, nonce, and timestamp, we get this tight relationship between all blocks.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*W-8mmfDDP5jrPMtsJSa0Rw.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*W-8mmfDDP5jrPMtsJSa0Rw.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*W-8mmfDDP5jrPMtsJSa0Rw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*W-8mmfDDP5jrPMtsJSa0Rw.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;272&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;340&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/b573Ot/btrc3o8NclV/oK95hwV41twIZAgbNnvwIk/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/b573Ot/btrc3o8NclV/oK95hwV41twIZAgbNnvwIk/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/b573Ot/btrc3o8NclV/oK95hwV41twIZAgbNnvwIk/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*W-8mmfDDP5jrPMtsJSa0Rw.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*W-8mmfDDP5jrPMtsJSa0Rw.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*W-8mmfDDP5jrPMtsJSa0Rw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*W-8mmfDDP5jrPMtsJSa0Rw.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;272&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;340&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Blocks&amp;rsquo; contents. All transactions (Tx0, Tx1, Tx2, Tx3) can be represented with just one hash number, called the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.bitcoinwiki.org/wiki/Merkle_tree&quot;&gt;Merkle Root&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(Tx_Root in the diagram).&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/questions/12427/can-someone-explain-how-the-bitcoin-blockchain-works&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;9a5f&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;So, if you were about to change any block, or try to swap the order of two blocks, it would change the block after it. And since a single change on a block changes its hash, it will change the next block&amp;rsquo;s hash, and so on, invalidating all blocks after it. That would require redoing all the work, finding a new special number for each of these blocks that makes their hashes start with a specific number of 0s. This requires lots of work!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;1a1d&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Side note:&lt;br /&gt;At the time of writing the hash rate of the network is around 65 quintillion Hashes per second. A bad actor will need to have at least half of it to trick the network (known as majority or 51% attack). Since the attacker can generate blocks faster than the rest of the network, he can simply persevere with his private fork until it becomes longer than the branch built by the honest network. However, the current network&amp;rsquo;s hash rate makes it financially impossible (the machines and energy needed cost millions of dollars). And that&amp;rsquo;s just to change one of his transactions. So, it better be worth it!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1 id=&quot;e624&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Difficulty level&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;835a&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Earlier I said that the PoW is to find a special number (nonce) so that the hash of the block starts with a specific number of 0s.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;6636&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The more leading 0s the harder for the miners to find a nonce that satisfies that hash. That&amp;rsquo;s because the range of acceptable resulting hashes becomes smaller.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;514e&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;But why making it hard for the miners in the first place?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;ab79&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The target is to keep the difficulty of mining one block to 10 minutes for the entire network.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;2947&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;This is a design compromise between fast confirmation times (settlement of transactions) and the probability of a fork. A faster block time would make transactions clear faster but lead to more frequent blockchain forks, whereas a slower block time would decrease the number of forks but make settlement slower.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;904d&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The difficulty parameter is adjusted dynamically, every 2016 blocks, to keep the block interval at the 10-mins target. So, the formula is that for every 2016 blocks the miners' average block creation time is calculated and if that time is more than 10 minutes the difficulty parameter is going to be adjusted. If for example, it took the network on average 12.5 minutes to build a block (20% more than the 10-mins target), the difficulty will be lowered by 20%, for the next 2016 blocks. This revision of the block creation time follows the improvements on the miners&amp;rsquo; hashing power (essentially the hardware).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;5670&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Side note:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;043e&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Today lots of miners are coordinating together in a mining pool competing for the creation of a block. They split the work of searching for a solution, earning a share in the rewards. This is centralizing the whole idea of mining but it also has some&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.investopedia.com/tech/are-large-mining-pools-bad-cryptocurrencies/&quot;&gt;advantages&lt;/a&gt;. But, in any case, as current financial institutions are closely watched for inside trading, big mining pools are also being watched for misbehaviors. Any misbehavior would make them lose credibility or even worse, lose users' faith in Bitcoin, dumping the whole project into the abyss. This would put them out of business.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;8f1e&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Today, mining pools act as a bank, keeping people&amp;rsquo;s funds secure. But, at the end of the day, most of them are centralized corporations!  Peer-to-peer pools also exist. But they are a minority.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*Em3Xw9vu3v1w-Y9g9GRNbg.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*Em3Xw9vu3v1w-Y9g9GRNbg.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*Em3Xw9vu3v1w-Y9g9GRNbg.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*Em3Xw9vu3v1w-Y9g9GRNbg.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;502&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/LTPj6/btrc4EQ4CMq/WkH8K6tKAv96DjhMEOZ0Rk/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/LTPj6/btrc4EQ4CMq/WkH8K6tKAv96DjhMEOZ0Rk/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/LTPj6/btrc4EQ4CMq/WkH8K6tKAv96DjhMEOZ0Rk/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*Em3Xw9vu3v1w-Y9g9GRNbg.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*Em3Xw9vu3v1w-Y9g9GRNbg.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*Em3Xw9vu3v1w-Y9g9GRNbg.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*Em3Xw9vu3v1w-Y9g9GRNbg.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;400&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;502&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;b6ad&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Funds are kept in digital wallets. Or I should rather say&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;tracked&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;by digital wallets. There is a common misconception that your coins are stored in your wallet. Coins (or should rather say numbers) are actually stored into the blockchain in form of transactions; transactions that are created by digital wallets.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;839a&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Digital wa&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;lets are nothing but a piece of code that tracks and calculates the owner&amp;rsquo;s balance by scanning transactions within the blocks of the blockchain.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*Wc-YRBsmZcjNsMBSqyYtuA.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*Wc-YRBsmZcjNsMBSqyYtuA.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*Wc-YRBsmZcjNsMBSqyYtuA.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*Wc-YRBsmZcjNsMBSqyYtuA.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;323&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;404&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/cUs5ye/btrcZsxBQJY/PKxFg82y5O4kdEtcuGSKkk/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/cUs5ye/btrcZsxBQJY/PKxFg82y5O4kdEtcuGSKkk/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/cUs5ye/btrcZsxBQJY/PKxFg82y5O4kdEtcuGSKkk/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*Wc-YRBsmZcjNsMBSqyYtuA.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*Wc-YRBsmZcjNsMBSqyYtuA.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*Wc-YRBsmZcjNsMBSqyYtuA.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*Wc-YRBsmZcjNsMBSqyYtuA.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;323&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;404&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Transactions are structures within the block structure. The whole chain of blocks is stored into a bitcoin participant&amp;rsquo;s hard disk.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;b0f0&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;One of the main wallets&amp;rsquo; functionalities is to sign transactions on behalf of its owner.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;43f6&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;They are a bit like real-world signatures, but much stronger.&amp;nbsp;Digital&amp;nbsp;signatures&amp;nbsp;can:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;list-style-type: disc;&quot; data-ke-list-type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;1416&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;Prove that the owner of an account is the only one who authorized the spending of its funds&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;120f&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;Proof of authorization is undeniable (non-repudiation)&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;ccd1&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;Prove that the transaction has not and cannot be modified by anyone after it has been signed&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;42d6&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size26&quot;&gt;Private/public keys and bitcoin addresses&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;3889&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;To achieve this, each account owner in the network has to create a public/private key pair. They are considered a &amp;ldquo;pair&amp;rdquo; because the public key is derived from the private key.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;Your private key is nothing more but a number!&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;A 256-bit number between 0&amp;ndash;2&amp;sup2;⁵⁶(remember in the digital world&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://medium.com/@alymbouras/this-is-how-internet-works-in-8-mins-f28e785e1f5b&quot;&gt;everything is represented in bits&lt;/a&gt;). That&amp;rsquo;s a huge range of numbers, which makes it statistically infeasible for 2 people getting the same keys (there are 10⁷⁷ keys available).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;8c95&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;These keys are based on mathematical functions that have a special property: it is easy to calculate them, but hard to calculate their inverse.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;f2f5&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;A public key is a mathematical result of its associated private key. And even if you know the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm&quot;&gt;mathematical function&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;that created it, you can&amp;rsquo;t infer its private key.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;171&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;60&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;14&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bhFE0o/btrcSsrzxms/63fa53KPP3fQ1aztCWyKtk/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bhFE0o/btrcSsrzxms/63fa53KPP3fQ1aztCWyKtk/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bhFE0o/btrcSsrzxms/63fa53KPP3fQ1aztCWyKtk/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://img1.daumcdn.net/thumb/R1280x0/?scode=mtistory2&amp;fname=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kakaocdn.net%2Fdn%2FbhFE0o%2FbtrcSsrzxms%2F63fa53KPP3fQ1aztCWyKtk%2Fimg.png&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;171&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;60&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;14&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*iqxYdvqoOcMp8P3vDfYkbg.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*iqxYdvqoOcMp8P3vDfYkbg.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*iqxYdvqoOcMp8P3vDfYkbg.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*iqxYdvqoOcMp8P3vDfYkbg.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;171&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;213&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bhMPbB/btrcQgdSOSf/HOut5C7khC7svds8EmjMG0/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bhMPbB/btrcQgdSOSf/HOut5C7khC7svds8EmjMG0/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bhMPbB/btrcQgdSOSf/HOut5C7khC7svds8EmjMG0/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*iqxYdvqoOcMp8P3vDfYkbg.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*iqxYdvqoOcMp8P3vDfYkbg.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*iqxYdvqoOcMp8P3vDfYkbg.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*iqxYdvqoOcMp8P3vDfYkbg.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;171&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;213&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Your public key is derived from your private key using elliptic curve multiplication. Your address is derived from your public key. Both of those actions are irreversible.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/blob/develop/images/mbc2_0401.png&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;It&amp;rsquo;s good to mention here that your Bitcoin address is derived from your public key through the use of a one-way cryptographic hash. Your address is the way to transact with the rest of the bitcoin owners. It just represents the destination where bitcoins need to be sent.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;988d&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The way you create your private key though is super important. You would never choose the number 1 as your private key. That&amp;rsquo;s too dangerous! Anyone, using the same mathematical functions, can infer a bitcoin address from a private key. And if that bitcoin address owns coins, they can easily be stolen.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;72ed&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;In fact, if you run a script that tries every number (private key), counting from the number 1 to 100,000, you will find (in some seconds) dozens of usable bitcoin addresses! In order to find if an address is usable (an address owning some coins in the bitcoin network), one has to iterate through the entire blockchain and if a reference to that account is found, Boom! One can steal all the coins from it using that weakly generated number (private key).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;c58a&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;In fact, the bitcoin address derived from the private key number 1 is usable:&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blockchain.com/btc/address/1EHNa6Q4Jz2uvNExL497mE43ikXhwF6kZm&quot;&gt;1EHNa6Q4Jz2uvNExL497mE43ikXhwF6kZm&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;7087&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;If you click the link you will see that whatever comes into this address is withdrawn within a few seconds! As soon as money comes in, someone can quickly create a transaction (using his own address as the destination), sign it with the private key number 1, and propagate it to the rest of the network!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;6467&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Great! Why don&amp;rsquo;t just everyone do the same then?&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;d0f8&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The reason is that checking all possible private key numbers is a very difficult task. For example, it would require about 3&amp;times;10⁵&amp;sup1; years for fifty supercomputers (that check a quintillion keys per second!) to exhaust the whole 2&amp;sup2;⁵⁶ keyspace.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;07da&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size26&quot;&gt;Poor private key generation algorithms&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;2390&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Some wallets used to create private keys (essentially numbers) using passwords provided by humans. Hackers, however, can easily check weak or commonly used passwords pretty quickly (this range is much smaller).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;00be&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Examples of accounts with stolen private keys (derived from weak passwords):&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote data-ke-style=&quot;style1&quot;&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;505b&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;asd &amp;mdash; 1G4Mt5JLtrdj4hM6MkyaQpHmZzVoojLFX3&lt;br /&gt;cat &amp;mdash; 162TRPRZvdgLVNksMoMyGJsYBfYtB4Q8tM&lt;br /&gt;hello &amp;mdash; 1HoSFymoqteYrmmr7s3jDDqmggoxacbk37&lt;br /&gt;password &amp;mdash; 16ga2uqnF1NqpAuQeeg7sTCAdtDUwDyJav&lt;br /&gt;test &amp;mdash; 1HKqKTMpBTZZ8H5zcqYEWYBaaWELrDEXeE&lt;br /&gt;fuckyou &amp;mdash; 1LdgTMX2MEqdfT3VcDpX4GyD1mqCP8LkYe&lt;br /&gt;1&amp;ndash;12AKRNHpFhDSBDD9rSn74VAzZSL3774PxQ&lt;br /&gt;icecream &amp;mdash; 1CwjHYsPUc4Du8dx7AkdBJj4ebWC8bxkF3&lt;br /&gt;alfanumerico &amp;mdash; 19JsLFDRxuTsAjapE79FgoVNdNdB2hNU5M&lt;br /&gt;[empty string] &amp;mdash; 1HZwkjkeaoZfTSaJxDw6aKkxp45agDiEzN&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;1e62&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size26&quot;&gt;Digital signatures&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;249f&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The process of signing transactions involves a mathematical function that depends both on the message (the transaction details), and your private key.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote data-ke-style=&quot;style1&quot;&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;62c8&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;sign(message, private key) = signature&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;8c83&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The result is a signature that can be verified using your public key and the message (the transaction details).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote data-ke-style=&quot;style1&quot;&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;6016&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;verify(message, signature, public key) = [true or false]&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*g0NdWByWL8g6JeqCXvPO8Q.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*g0NdWByWL8g6JeqCXvPO8Q.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*g0NdWByWL8g6JeqCXvPO8Q.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*g0NdWByWL8g6JeqCXvPO8Q.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;276&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;345&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bo6ZO0/btrcXjA2kQz/CZhJ2RxLoJeBuD6rF2uSiK/img.png&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bo6ZO0/btrcXjA2kQz/CZhJ2RxLoJeBuD6rF2uSiK/img.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/bo6ZO0/btrcXjA2kQz/CZhJ2RxLoJeBuD6rF2uSiK/img.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://miro.medium.com/max/276/1*g0NdWByWL8g6JeqCXvPO8Q.png 276w, https://miro.medium.com/max/552/1*g0NdWByWL8g6JeqCXvPO8Q.png 552w, https://miro.medium.com/max/640/1*g0NdWByWL8g6JeqCXvPO8Q.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/max/700/1*g0NdWByWL8g6JeqCXvPO8Q.png 700w&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;276&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;879&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;345&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Verifying digital signatures.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://stakey.club/en/verifying-digital-signatures/&quot;&gt;Source&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;d60c&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;All 3 together, private, public keys and signatures are&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic_Curve_Digital_Signature_Algorithm&quot;&gt;mathematically correlated&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;7508&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The verification process determines beyond doubt that the transaction could have only come from someone with the private key that corresponds to their public key. Thus all participants of the network receiving a transaction are sure that it could have only been approved by the private key owner!&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;58ac&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The owner can also be sure that nobody can alter the signed parts of his transaction. That&amp;rsquo;s because a simple change would invalidate his transaction and thus dropped by all network participants.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;8fe7&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size26&quot;&gt;The Importance of Randomness in Signatures&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;0aca&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Focusing on weak random number generators used for transactions, hackers can still gain control of an address&amp;rsquo;s coins.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;133d&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The mathematical basis used to create the signature of a message uses a random number (see formula below). If the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;same random number&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;is used to sign two different messages (transactions), then someone, using the two resulted signatures can extract the private key number.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;6d63&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;The mathematical formula generating a signature is calculated this way:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;blockquote data-ke-style=&quot;style1&quot;&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;c753&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;S = k-1 (Hash(m) + dA * R) mod p&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;where:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;k&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;is the random number&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;R&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;is the x coordinate derived form the random number k&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;dA&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;is the signing private key&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;m&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;is the transaction data&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;p&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;is the prime order of the elliptic curve&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;9865&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;People actually had funds stolen because of the inadvertent&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;reuse&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;of this random number.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;f5da&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;To avoid this vulnerability, wallets have to follow the industry-standard algorithm for deterministic initialization of this random number as defined in&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6979&quot;&gt;RFC 6979&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;6a48&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Now that you&amp;rsquo;ve got all the necessary details in mind let&amp;rsquo;s go through&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;the journey of a transaction&lt;/b&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;list-style-type: disc;&quot; data-ke-list-type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;4491&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;Your wallet is an application that serves as a user interface. It shows your balance and asks your permission when sending money. In order to do that it tracks your incoming and outgoing transactions, sums up your spendable money and creates and signs transactions on your behalf.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;b175&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;You start by specifying the amount and destination address of a bitcoin owner. Based on this info, your wallet constructs a transaction (as per the Bitcoin protocol) and signs it with your private key.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;d911&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot;&gt;Your wallet starts broadcasting your new transaction (containing transaction details, the signature and the public key) to the Bitcoin Network through its immediate peers, who hand it to their peers, etc. In a few seconds, the entire network has verified and passed on your transaction to every other node on the Bitcoin network.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;525&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;720&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;540&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/tY7WS/btrcVkmvM6K/oPEcHmMxkaIoRKQryJNFv1/img.gif&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/tY7WS/btrcVkmvM6K/oPEcHmMxkaIoRKQryJNFv1/img.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/tY7WS/btrcVkmvM6K/oPEcHmMxkaIoRKQryJNFv1/img.gif&quot; srcset=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/tY7WS/btrcVkmvM6K/oPEcHmMxkaIoRKQryJNFv1/img.gif&quot; width=&quot;700&quot; height=&quot;525&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;720&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;540&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthOrigin&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Transaction propagation&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;03d8&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;4. Every participant on the network that receives your transaction checks its validity. They check whether the signature is okay, if there are any errors, whether you are trying to perform a double-spend, etc. If your transaction fails any of the criteria, it is ignored by the participant entirely. Otherwise, the participant keeps your transaction in a temporary memory called mempool.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;1747&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;5. Transactions with a fee less than&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;minrelaytxfee&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;variable (0.00001 bitcoin) are treated as free and are only relayed if there is space in the mempool; otherwise, they are dropped. If the fee attached is smaller than the&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;average competing transactions&amp;rsquo; fee&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(normally calculated by your wallet but you can also specify the fees) miners/mining pools will give your transaction lower priority when creating a block.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;fc68&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;6. Eventually, your transaction reaches the mining pools and the wallet of the recipient of your transaction. The latter will see the new transaction in their wallets and store a copy of it indefinitely, but it will appear as zero confirmations. Mining pools construct a candidate block by aggregating transactions off the mempool. Depending on your fee, they will eventually include yours in a future block.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;fd0e&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;7. The pool splits the work of searching for the nonce that satisfies the block&amp;rsquo;s difficulty level to its pool miners. The miners don&amp;rsquo;t know anything about your transaction. Their job is to crunch numbers, not to check for block validity, as that&amp;rsquo;s a task for the pool.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;7d44&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;8. Eventually, your transaction is included in a block that gets solved. It gets broadcasted through the Bitcoin network and everyone stores it to their local blockchain(s) (if there are transaction conflicts they will fork their existing blockchain and keep both chains of blocks). Now your transaction has one confirmation (one valid block accepted by the network).&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;e372&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;9. The block creation process continues, and as more and more blocks build on top of the block where your transaction is included, it gains more confirmations. When it reaches 6 or more confirmations, it is considered to be fully confirmed. The more confirmations elapse, the harder it becomes to invalidate a transaction with an attack.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;9dff&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;Transactions are much more complicated structures. They look very different behind the scenes. They have inputs and outputs which are being accompanied by scripts that lock and unlock the values of bitcoin.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;3cea&quot; data-selectable-paragraph=&quot;&quot; data-ke-size=&quot;size16&quot;&gt;But that&amp;rsquo;s for another article; a deeper dive into transactions. :)&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <author>anony mous</author>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://mega-studio.tistory.com/149</guid>
      <comments>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/149#entry149comment</comments>
      <pubDate>Tue, 24 Aug 2021 08:42:33 +0900</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Gate.io  ChainX 프로젝트 토큰</title>
      <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/147</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Gate.io는 ChainX 프로젝트 토큰 PCX 투표 및 에어드랍 지급을 완료했으며, 2020년 8월 27일 오후 15:00시에 PCX 거래(15:00시부터 단말기 매매 진행)를 개통할 예정입니다.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-402e2270-2a52-4e9b-8f03-54e91e60860f&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-9c12c46c-5552-4e3a-b0bd-6491c125e34f&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;이번 단독 투표 상장 라운드는 성공적으로 진행되었습니다. 여러분들의 참여와 관심에 감사의 말씀 드립니다. Gate.io 단독 투표 상장 라운드는 앞으로도 잠재력있는 다양한 우수 프로젝트를 선택하여 진행할 예정입니다.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-6f7d9cfe-73fa-4ef7-b53a-9e90aec4e8ba&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-8e299667-c9a7-4a54-a483-8c93b407c1ef&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Gate.io단독 투표 참여 링크:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gate.io/poll&quot;&gt;https://www.gate.io/poll&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-cf7e482b-a2bf-4017-a19b-5bac89cfb4c8&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-d504afc6-d939-42ef-a8c0-fa5f99596556&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;ChainX 투표 결과&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-624aaec8-9f2b-4624-9cd4-52ba69b41fcb&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-e4087a9c-a9da-40ab-bbf6-a46516dfcfcf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;이번 단톡 투표 상장 프로젝트는 ChainX이었으며, 득표수는 1,000만표를 넘어섰습니다. 해당 프로젝트 토큰 상장이 진행됩니다.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-f31eb643-c613-4ef3-9501-afe44e70d1de&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-0f55beae-9e43-4c18-9c4d-7dda360c66ca&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;8월27일 오전 11시까지 총 참여 인수는 2,392명이며, 총 득표 수량은 55,181,463표 입니다. 사용자분들에게 8,554.10 PCX토큰 에어드랍을 진행했으며, PCX/USDT 거래를 개통할 예정입니다.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-5bf67a82-33e4-418b-bc7e-87e17d3b3003&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-ef5daaad-cd2b-4d16-b32f-6ebc495e059a&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;b&gt;PCX/USDT 상장&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-80babc22-f4d9-4deb-b283-4a6da9424a77&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-dc7fd247-0c3b-42d6-b7c5-4e93ab284a62&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-f9e1231b-92b0-4c4a-8c0f-1f0e726960e1&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;Gate.io는 8월27일 오후3시에 PCX/USDT 거래(15:00시부터 단말기 매매 진행)를 개통할 예정이며, 추후 출금 서비스를 개통할 예정입니다.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-4fdaa62d-5d3f-4d06-9c5b-8625dce4cb98&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-e7cfe2ce-c83d-4524-9168-b5c8e4e962bd&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;（1） PCX입금주소: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gate.io/myaccount/deposit/PCX&quot;&gt;https://www.gate.io/myaccount/deposit/PCX&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-811b0e1a-18bb-418e-9f69-023863e43745&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000000;&quot;&gt;（2） PCX거래주소: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gate.io/trade/PCX_USDT&quot;&gt;https://www.gate.io/trade/PCX_USDT&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-5c9713a1-c6dc-4ed0-9302-bf1a909a765b&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <category>뉴스</category>
      <author>anony mous</author>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://mega-studio.tistory.com/147</guid>
      <comments>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/147#entry147comment</comments>
      <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2020 15:01:23 +0900</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>게이트아이오(Gate.io), 디파이(DeFi) 프로젝트 상장 잇달아</title>
      <link>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/127</link>
      <description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;figure class=&quot;imageblock alignCenter&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;0&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;0&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthContent&quot;&gt;&lt;span data-url=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/eEwKtz/btqG5K9Fdkz/m7z4tVLCFKbvsrzuijd3I0/img.jpg&quot; data-phocus=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/eEwKtz/btqG5K9Fdkz/m7z4tVLCFKbvsrzuijd3I0/img.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;https://blog.kakaocdn.net/dn/eEwKtz/btqG5K9Fdkz/m7z4tVLCFKbvsrzuijd3I0/img.jpg&quot; srcset=&quot;https://img1.daumcdn.net/thumb/R1280x0/?scode=mtistory2&amp;fname=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kakaocdn.net%2Fdn%2FeEwKtz%2FbtqG5K9Fdkz%2Fm7z4tVLCFKbvsrzuijd3I0%2Fimg.jpg&quot; data-origin-width=&quot;0&quot; data-origin-height=&quot;0&quot; data-ke-mobilestyle=&quot;widthContent&quot; onerror=&quot;this.onerror=null; this.src='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png'; this.srcset='//t1.daumcdn.net/tistory_admin/static/images/no-image-v1.png';&quot;/&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/figure&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-a9c918eb-996e-48e0-a7a0-68e4ce1a0d5e&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-21f9cc72-b17a-4f67-a234-c6520aed7ba2&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-9f6f9359-59a8-4851-9f09-fbdd8bd0cdaf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;[에너지경제신문 박성준 기자] 전세계적으로DeFi(탈 중앙화 금융) 프로젝트를 향한 관심도가 높아지면서, 암호화폐 거래소들의 DeFi 프로젝트 상장 소식도 연일 들려오고있다. 글로벌 암호화폐 거래소인 게이트아이오(Gate.io)의 경우, 신규 상장한 YAM, JST 코인을 비롯해 BTS, BTM, DAI 등 총 26종의 디파이(DeFi) 코인 거래를 지원 중이라고 밝혔다.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-8c0cf8a3-b859-450b-8f4b-a3d0f8506449&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-6cd6ab11-f9f4-43ec-93cb-f03164df6f85&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;디파이(DeFi)는 탈중앙화된 분산금융 또는 분산 재정으로 중앙 시스템의 통제없이 투명한 금용 서비스 생태계를 구성하는 것을 목적하고 있다. 디파이의 대표적인 특징으로는 시간 단축, 금융기관 대체, 자산 및 기금 관리 프로토콜 등이 있으며, 모든 금융 서비스가 스마트 컨트랙트를 통해 이뤄지고 금융 서비스에 대한 포괄적인 접근이 가능하다는 특징 또한 가지고 있다.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-2235441e-c878-4c5d-b4f3-3c3909a71c44&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;SE-6c9014d6-7492-40f4-9b54-854c087259b0&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;한편, 게이트아이오는 올해 탈중앙 공유체인 게이트체인(GateChain)메인넷을 선보이고 다양한 디파이 프로젝트를 상장하는 등 디파이 시장 진출에 적극적인 모습을 보이고 있다.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
      <category>뉴스</category>
      <author>anony mous</author>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://mega-studio.tistory.com/127</guid>
      <comments>https://mega-studio.tistory.com/127#entry127comment</comments>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Aug 2020 16:40:02 +0900</pubDate>
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